CS Fundamentals

200 articles in this topic

First and Follow in Compiler Design: Step-by-Step Computation with Solved GATE Examples

First and Follow sets computed as a fixed-point algorithm: the full rule set, two grammars solved pass by pass, the nullable-symbol trap, and how GATE tests them in LL(1) and SLR(1) questions.

Updated 18 Jul 20267 min read76 viewsCompiler Design

DBMS Interview Questions for Freshers: Top 50 with Answers That Survive Follow-Ups

50 DBMS interview questions for freshers, grouped the way interviews actually run: keys, the normalization-to-BCNF-to-denormalization chain, SQL joins, transactions and isolation levels, and indexing, answered as chains so rote definitions become explanations.

Updated 23 Jul 202611 min read68 viewsDBMS

Permutations and Combinations for GATE CS: Counting Questions Solved with a Repeatable Method

One repeatable method (choose, arrange, subtract) applied to 20 GATE-style counting problems, with the four-question decision procedure that replaces formula memorisation for permutations and combinations in GATE CS.

Updated 26 Jul 20266 min readEngineering Mathematics

SLR, CLR and LALR Parsers Compared for GATE: LR Item Sets, Conflicts and Parser Power

All three LR parsers built on one shared grammar: canonical item sets, why SLR(1) hits a shift/reduce conflict that CLR(1) and LALR(1) survive, the 10-vs-14 state count, the reduce/reduce drill grammar, and the exact question patterns GATE uses to test parser power.

Updated 18 Jul 20266 min readCompiler Design

Cache Write Policies and Multi-Level Cache Numericals for GATE: AMAT Solved Step by Step

Write-through vs write-back traffic arithmetic and the hierarchical vs simultaneous AMAT formulas, derived once and drilled on L1/L2 GATE-pattern numericals solved step by step.

Updated 18 Jul 20267 min readComputer Organization & Architecture

IBPS SO IT Officer Computer Organization: professional knowledge topics

IBPS SO IT Officer Computer Organization: number systems, Boolean logic, CPU and memory organization, addressing modes and I/O for the Mains PK paper.

Updated 18 Jul 20265 min readComputer Organization & Architecture

IBPS SO IT Officer Operating Systems: professional knowledge topics

IBPS SO IT Officer Operating Systems: master processes, CPU scheduling, memory management, deadlock and process synchronization for the Mains PK paper.

Updated 18 Jul 20266 min read76 viewsOperating Systems

IBPS SO IT Officer Networking: professional knowledge topics to master

IBPS SO IT Officer Networking: master the OSI and TCP/IP models, IP addressing, key protocols and network security for the Professional Knowledge paper.

Updated 25 Jul 20265 min read516 viewsComputer Networks

IBPS SO IT Officer DBMS: the professional knowledge topics that matter

The DBMS core of the IBPS SO IT Officer Mains Professional Knowledge paper: the ER model, keys, normalization with a worked example, SQL essentials and transactions, and how each is tested.

Updated 26 Jul 20266 min read638 viewsDBMS

C programming for CS teaching exams: the concepts that get tested

C programming for teaching CS exams: data types, operators, control flow, functions and recursion, arrays, pointers and structures, with a worked example.

Updated 18 Jul 20267 min readC Programming & Data Structures

Addressing modes and instruction formats in computer architecture explained

Addressing modes and instruction formats explained: immediate, direct, indirect, indexed and PC-relative effective addresses, and 0/1/2/3-address machines.

Updated 16 Jul 20267 min read68 viewsComputer Organization & Architecture

Floating point representation: IEEE 754 format and arithmetic explained

Computers store real numbers in a fixed number of bits, so they cannot store every real number exactly. Floating point packs a huge range of magnitudes into 32 or 64 bits by trading away some precision, and IEEE 754 is the standard almost every processor follows. This topic is a dependable source of encoding and precision questions, all resting on the same field layout and normalization rule.

Updated 16 Jul 20266 min readComputer Organization & Architecture