CS Fundamentals
456 articles in this topic
SQL Subqueries Tutorial: Scalar, IN, EXISTS, and Correlated Examples
Learn SQL subqueries from one small employee database. Trace each inner result, compare the main query forms, handle NULL safely, and check your understanding with four exercises.
Updated 23 Sep 20265 min readDBMS
Instruction Structure in Computer Organization: Fields, Encoding and Exam Problems
Learn how opcode, register, mode and displacement fields divide an instruction word. Follow checked examples for address forms, decoding and expanding opcodes.
Updated 22 Sep 20265 min readComputer Organization & Architecture
Special Logic Circuits: ROM, Majority Logic and Array Multiplier Examples
Learn one method for analysing special logic circuits, then apply it to majority logic, a BCD detector, programmable logic and two versions of a 4-bit multiplier.
Updated 22 Sep 20266 min readDigital Logic
Call by Value, Address and Reference: C and C++ Worked Examples
Learn what C actually copies during a function call, how pointers still change caller-owned data, and where C++ references differ. Every case is traced to its final value.
Updated 22 Sep 20266 min readC Programming & Data Structures
Data Link Layer Delay Analysis: Formulas, Worked Examples and Exam Question Patterns
Learn to separate transmission and propagation delay, calculate a complete stop-and-wait cycle, and choose the minimum sliding-window size without unit traps.
Updated 22 Sep 20265 min readComputer Networks
Intermediate Code Generation Across Compiler Concepts: Worked TAC, Quadruples and DAG Optimisation
Follow one parenthesised expression from source semantics to naive TAC, record layouts and a four-instruction DAG optimisation, with checks for safe reuse.
Updated 22 Sep 20265 min readCompiler Design
Inverse of a Function: Definition, Existence Conditions and Worked Examples
Learn when an inverse function exists, how domain restrictions make a rule invertible, and how to derive and verify the inverse of a quadratic step by step.
Updated 22 Sep 20266 min readEngineering Mathematics
Python Multithreading Tutorial: Threads, Locks and Runnable Examples
Learn when Python threads help, then run deterministic examples using Thread, ThreadPoolExecutor, Lock and Queue. You will also diagnose races and practise safe coordination.
Updated 22 Sep 20266 min readOperating Systems
Self Join in SQL: Syntax, Worked Examples, and Exercises
Learn how SQL aliases let one table play several roles. Run exact examples for reporting lines, salary comparisons, city pairs, revision changes, and three-level chains.
Updated 22 Sep 20266 min readDBMS
Closure Properties in Theory of Computation: Proof Methods, Worked Examples and Exam Traps
Learn how to prove closure with machine constructions and disprove it with counterexamples across regular, context-free, decidable and recognisable languages.
Updated 22 Sep 20265 min readTheory of Computation
Disk Structure and Disk Addressing for GATE: CHS, LBA and Worked Examples
Use one consistent disk geometry to connect platters, surfaces, tracks and sectors with capacity, CHS-to-LBA conversion, address width and access time.
Updated 21 Sep 20265 min read50 viewsComputer Organization & Architecture
SOP and POS Canonical Forms Explained: Minterms, Maxterms and Worked Conversions
Learn how canonical SOP and POS encode the same Boolean function. Follow one three-variable truth table through minterms, maxterms, conversions and exam-style checks.
Updated 21 Sep 20265 min read127 viewsDigital Logic