CS Fundamentals
451 articles in this topic
Programmed I/O: Polling, CPU Utilisation, Worked Examples and GATE Question Patterns
Follow one programmed-input transfer from control write to data read, then calculate how many polls one word costs and what a longer poll period buys.
Updated 7 Oct 20266 min readComputer Organization & Architecture
Two's Complement Arithmetic Explained: Signed Ranges, Subtraction, Overflow and Worked Examples
Build a reliable 8-bit method for encoding signed values, subtracting with complements, detecting overflow, extending signs and checking every result.
Updated 7 Oct 20266 min readDigital Logic
Functions in C: Syntax, Parameters and Worked Examples
Learn how C declarations, calls, and definitions fit together. Compile two complete programs, follow their values, and trace composition and recursion.
Updated 6 Oct 20266 min readC Programming & Data Structures
Computer Networks Hardware Basics: Devices, Domains and Worked Examples
Learn what hubs, switches, routers, gateways and access points actually do, then count network domains and trace frames through a two-LAN topology.
Updated 6 Oct 20266 min readComputer Networks
Intermediate Code Generation in Compiler Design: TAC, Backpatching and DAGs
Connect expressions, short-circuit control flow and local optimisation through a single worked translation, from source code to resolved TAC and a reusable DAG.
Updated 5 Oct 20265 min readCompiler Design
Classification of Finite and Infinite Groups: Orders, Cyclicity and Worked Examples
Learn how group axioms, group order, element order and generators classify finite and infinite groups through complete, checkable examples.
Updated 4 Oct 20266 min readEngineering Mathematics
Paging and TLB Explained: Address Translation, EMAT and Exam Traps
Follow one virtual address from its VPN through the TLB to a physical frame, then calculate page-table size, TLB reach and effective memory access time.
Updated 4 Oct 20266 min readOperating Systems
Data Mining and Data Warehouse Explained: Concepts, OLAP and Worked Examples
Follow six orders from operational sources into a warehouse, calculate OLAP totals, and test an association rule on five shopping baskets.
Updated 4 Oct 20266 min readDBMS
Linear Bounded Automata: Tape Limits, a Worked LBA Trace and Exam Traps
See exactly what an LBA bounds, where it sits in the language hierarchy, and how a six-cell marking machine accepts aabbcc while rejecting three near misses.
Updated 4 Oct 20266 min readTheory of Computation
Multiprocessor Fundamentals: Architecture, Speedup and Worked Examples
Build a clear model of multiprocessor systems, then use it to calculate speedup and efficiency, trace a coherent write, and diagnose a lost update.
Updated 2 Oct 20265 min readComputer Organization & Architecture
Functional Completeness in Digital Logic: NAND, NOR and Worked Examples
Learn what makes a Boolean operator set complete, how NAND and NOR recover a standard basis, and how to verify a four-gate NAND construction.
Updated 2 Oct 20266 min readDigital Logic
Smart Pointers in C++: unique_ptr, shared_ptr and weak_ptr with Worked Examples
Learn who owns a C++ object, when it is destroyed, and how to choose among unique_ptr, shared_ptr, weak_ptr and a borrowed raw pointer.
Updated 1 Oct 20265 min read61 viewsC Programming & Data Structures