Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer by choosing from the…

Concept

Theories of intelligence explain how mental ability is structured, and four classic positions are commonly tested together: a general factor together with several specific factors, a layered (hierarchical) arrangement of abilities from general to specific, several independent domain-specific intelligences, and a three-part structure of analytical, creative and practical components. Each position is credited to a distinct, well-documented psychologist.

Application

Assigning each name in List-I to the concept it is credited with in List-II gives the following pairing:

This produces the sequence a-2, b-1, c-4, d-3 — Burt and Vernon paired with the hierarchical theory, Spearman with general and specific factors, Gardner with multiple intelligence, and Sternberg with the triarchic theory.

Cross-check

Each of the four psychologists is linked to exactly one listed concept with no repetition, so the mapping is a complete one-to-one correspondence. The other three codes break this correspondence as follows:

• The code a-1, b-3, c-4, d-2 mismatches three of the four names — only the Gardner-multiple intelligence link survives.

• The code a-3, b-4, c-2, d-1 mismatches all four names, with every psychologist assigned a theory that belongs to one of the other three.

• The code a-4, b-3, c-2, d-1 also mismatches all four names, in a different permutation from the previous code.