"Army Alpha Test" is an example of –

Intelligence tests are classified along two independent axes: how many people take the test at once — individually (one examinee with an examiner) or in a group (many examinees simultaneously) — and what kind of content the test uses — verbal (language-based reading, writing, and arithmetic items) or non-verbal (performance or figural items that do not require reading).

The Army Alpha Test was developed by American psychologists for the U.S. Army during World War I (1917-1918) to screen large numbers of literate, English-speaking recruits quickly. It was administered to large groups simultaneously using written verbal items — vocabulary, arithmetic reasoning, and following printed instructions — so it is classified as a verbal group intelligence test.

This classification is confirmed by contrasting the Army Alpha Test with tests that share only one of its two features:

• Army Beta, developed alongside the Army Alpha Test for the same recruitment drive, used pictorial and performance tasks that needed no reading — it was also group-administered but non-verbal, unlike the Army Alpha Test.

• Individually administered verbal tests, such as the Stanford-Binet scale, use language-based items but are given to one examinee at a time by a trained examiner, unlike the Army Alpha Test's mass administration.

• Individually administered non-verbal tests present performance tasks (for example, block design) to a single examinee, sharing neither the verbal content nor the group format of the Army Alpha Test.