According to Howard Gardner, a philosopher has __________ type of intelligence…

Concept: Howard Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences (1983) holds that intelligence is not a single general ability but at least eight distinct, relatively independent capacities — including linguistic, spatial, interpersonal, and intrapersonal intelligence — each tied to a different kind of characteristic activity.

Application: A philosopher's characteristic activity is examining and reasoning about one's own beliefs, values, and ideas from within — this is exactly what Gardner calls intrapersonal intelligence: the capacity for deep self-awareness and understanding of one's own inner mental life. A sculptor's characteristic activity is perceiving proportions and three-dimensional relationships and mentally manipulating form while shaping material — this is exactly what Gardner calls spatial intelligence: the capacity to perceive and manipulate patterns in space. So the philosopher's activity matches intrapersonal intelligence, and the sculptor's activity matches spatial intelligence.

Cross-check: Testing the other pairings against Gardner's own definitions rules them out:

• linguistic; interpersonal — both tied to verbal expression and social interaction, neither to introspective reasoning or to shaping three-dimensional form.

• spatial; intrapersonal — uses the correct pair of capacities but assigns them to the two professions in the wrong order.

• interpersonal; linguistic — again tied to social interaction and verbal skill, not to introspection or spatial shaping.

This matches the official CTET August 2023 Paper-1 answer key, which keys this item to “intrapersonal; spatial.”