Two Fundamental Rights which the marginalized groups can invoke, to insist…

Concept: Fundamental Rights in Part III of the Constitution guard against different, specific kinds of harm — some bar discriminatory treatment and guarantee equal standing before the law, some protect freedoms such as movement, expression and assembly, some stop forced labour and exploitation, and some let a community conserve its own language and culture while letting a linguistic or religious minority establish and administer its own educational institutions. A claim to be "treated with dignity and as an equal" draws on whichever of these rights matches the specific harm actually at stake.

Application: A marginalized group facing that claim typically faces two distinct harms together — unequal or discriminatory treatment, and pressure to give up its own cultural or linguistic identity. The right to equality (Articles 14-18) directly answers the first harm by barring discrimination and securing equal standing before the law; the right to cultural and educational protection (Articles 29-30) directly answers the second by letting the community conserve its own language and script and letting a linguistic or religious minority establish and administer its own educational institutions. Together, (a) and (b) are the two rights that match both halves of the claim.

Cross-check — the other three pairings, assessed on the actual scope of the two rights each names:

• (b) and (c): the right to cultural and educational protection lets a community conserve its language and script and lets a minority establish and administer its own educational institutions; the right against exploitation bans forced and bonded labour and trafficking. Both matter, but neither reaches a general equal-treatment-before-law claim.

• (c) and (d): the right against exploitation (forced labour, trafficking) and the right to freedom (movement, expression, assembly, association) guard against very different harms — neither corrects discriminatory treatment nor protects a community's culture.

• (a) and (d): the right to equality supplies the non-discrimination claim, but pairing it with the right to freedom (movement, expression, assembly, association) leaves the cultural/identity dimension of the claim unaddressed.

Result: only (a) and (b) — the right to equality plus the right to cultural and educational protection — jointly cover the dignity-and-equal-status claim the stem describes.