Match the following concepts in Column - I with their examples in Column - II…

Concept: NCERT-based sociology/pedagogy material (the basis for this CTET item) illustrates four related ideas about social bias. Discrimination is the resulting unfair ACTION -- treating a person differently in practice because of their social identity. Inequality is the resulting unequal OUTCOME -- unequal access to resources, opportunities, or reward between groups. A stereotype is conventionally illustrated through a generalised skill or role assumption fixed onto an entire group (e.g. a gender-linked ability claim). Prejudice is conventionally illustrated through a negative, dismissive opinion held about an entire community (e.g. branding a community as backward). This is the standard classification used in the NCERT/CTET framework and confirmed by the official answer key for this item, even though the two ideas are closely related in general sociology.

Application: Matching each concept to the example that illustrates it in this framework --

• Discrimination (a) is illustrated by a concrete biased ACT against a person: the woman not being hired because she is starting a family (iii) is exactly that -- an actual decision taken against her.

• Inequality (b) is illustrated by an unequal OUTCOME between groups doing the same work: differential pay for the same work (i) is an unequal result, not a belief or an act.

• Stereotype (c) is illustrated by a generalised skill/role assumption fixed onto an entire group: girls are good at cooking (iv) generalises an ability onto all members of a group.

• Prejudice (d) is illustrated by a dismissive opinion held about an entire community: villagers are superstitious (ii) brands a community's outlook as backward.

So the correct match is (a)-(iii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iv), (d)-(ii) -- this is also the mapping confirmed by the official CTET July 2024 Paper II answer key.

Cross-check against the other combinations: (a)-(iii), (b)-(i), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iv) keeps discrimination and inequality matched as above but swaps the stereotype and prejudice examples, so two of its four pairings are wrong. (a)-(iv), (b)-(ii), (c)-(i), (d)-(iii) mismatches all four concepts. (a)-(iv), (b)-(iii), (c)-(i), (d)-(ii) matches only prejudice with "villagers are superstitious" correctly and mismatches the other three. Only (a)-(iii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iv), (d)-(ii) matches every concept to the example that illustrates it in this framework.