According to Manuel Castells, an interactive society is based on the…

Concept

In network-society theory, an interactive society is formed when digital networks bring distinct modes of communication into one integrated system.

A communication mode is a form in which messages are produced and exchanged, such as typographic, audiovisual, or computer-mediated communication.

Application

Castells describes the new communication system as a digitized, networked integration of multiple communication modes. The option 'Multiple communication modes' preserves the central category in that definition.

Contrast

• Dual communication restrictions concerns constraints on exchange, not the integration of media forms.

• A single-purpose audience concerns the aim of a group, not the architecture of an interactive communication system.

• Varied face-to-face options remains tied to co-present interaction, whereas the definition emphasizes digitally networked modes.

Cross-check

The source formulation explicitly contains the phrase 'integration of multiple communication modes'; substituting that phrase into the stem yields a complete statement. Therefore, the answer is 'Multiple communication modes'.