Which of the following seas separate Europe from Africa?

Concept: The boundary between continents is defined by recognized physical/geographic features. Europe and Africa are separated by the Mediterranean Sea, a large inland sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean via the Strait of Gibraltar, with southern Europe (Spain, Italy, Greece) on its northern shore and North Africa (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt) on its southern shore.

Application: Checking each option against this boundary — the Mediterranean Sea lies directly between the two continents, so it is the sea that separates Europe from Africa.

Cross-check: The Red Sea separates north-east Africa from the Arabian Peninsula (Asia), not Africa from Europe. The Black Sea lies entirely within Eastern Europe and Western Asia (bordering Turkey, not Africa). The Arabian Sea lies between the Arabian Peninsula and India, touching only the Horn of Africa coastline near Somalia in its south-west corner — it has no coast on Europe at all, so it cannot separate the two continents. None of these three border both Europe and Africa, confirming the Mediterranean Sea as the only correct answer.