Match the Column – A and Column – B Column A : a. Animal Intelligence b.…

Educational-psychology ‘match the theorist to the concept’ questions test whether a named idea, method, or term is correctly traced back to the school of thought or the individual psychologist who introduced it — each of Thorndike, Skinner, the Gestalt school, and Piaget is associated with one distinct, well-documented contribution to learning and development theory.

1. Animal Intelligence (1898) is Edward Thorndike's own monograph title, reporting his puzzle-box experiments with cats that established the Law of Effect and trial-and-error learning — so a pairs with III (Thorndike).

2. Schedule of reinforcement is a core construct of B.F. Skinner's operant-conditioning framework, describing fixed and variable ratio and interval patterns of reward delivery — so b pairs with IV (Skinner).

3. Law of Pragnanz (law of Prägnanz, 'law of good form') is the central organizing principle of Gestalt psychology, stating that perception spontaneously organizes toward the simplest, most stable arrangement — so c pairs with I (Gestalt).

4. Adaptation is Jean Piaget's term for how a child's cognitive schemas grow through the complementary processes of assimilation and accommodation — so d pairs with II (Piaget).

• The a–II / c–III / d–I combination confuses Thorndike's animal-learning studies with Piaget's stage theory and misassigns the Gestalt principle elsewhere.

• The a–I / c–III combination misreads Animal Intelligence as a Gestalt topic and the Law of Pragnanz as Thorndike's, when the two schools' contributions are distinct.

• The a–II / d–III combination swaps Piaget's adaptation concept with Thorndike's connectionist legacy.

Only the pairing a–III, b–IV, c–I, d–II matches every theorist to their own documented contribution, confirmed by UPTET's own published 2019 Paper-1 answer key as well as standard psychology references (APA Dictionary of Psychology; OpenStax Psychology).