Which one of the following method is useful at Lower Secondary stage?

Different second-language-teaching methods are calibrated to different stages of learner readiness: the Direct Method uses total target-language immersion suited to absolute beginners, the Grammar-Translation Method uses abstract grammar analysis and passage translation suited to advanced and senior learners, and the Bilingual Method (C. J. Dodson) uses the learner's first language as a scaffold -- contrastive first-language/target-language sentence pairs -- to bridge learners toward independent target-language use.

At the Lower Secondary stage, learners already have working literacy and reasoning ability in their first language but have not yet reached the abstraction needed for pure grammar analysis and translation of extended text -- exactly the transitional profile the Bilingual method is built for, which is why it is the method recommended at this stage.

• Audio-Lingual method: builds automatic oral habits through mechanical pattern drilling and repetition, not through bridging first-language literacy into the target language.

• Grammar-Translation method: depends on analysing formal grammar rules and translating extended passages -- cognitive demands that fit Senior Secondary and higher-level learners.

• Direct method: requires exclusive target-language immersion with no first-language support, an approach built for complete beginners at the Primary stage.

The Bilingual method is therefore the method suited to the Lower Secondary stage.