Dyslexia is primarily associated with difficulty in:

Concept

Specific learning disorders are distinguished by the academic skill most directly affected. Dyslexia chiefly impairs accurate or fluent word reading and decoding, while disorders centered on written expression or numerical processing have different labels.

Application

The stem asks for the skill primarily associated with dyslexia. Difficulty reading words accurately and fluently directly matches the defining academic impairment.

Contrast

• Performing calculations is chiefly associated with dyscalculia.

• Handwriting or written-expression difficulty is more directly associated with dysgraphia.

• Difficulty understanding or producing spoken language is characteristic of a spoken-language disorder rather than this specific learning disorder.

Cross-check

Standard definitions classify dyslexia as a reading disorder and distinguish it from calculation, handwriting, and spoken-language disorders. Therefore, reading words accurately and fluently is the best-supported answer.