Classroom communication involves (A) Listening by learning (B) Formal…

Concept: Classroom communication is a two-way transactional process. The teacher encodes a message, the learners decode it, and their response travels back along the feedback channel, so feedback is a constitutive part of the process and not an optional add-on. The process runs through two complementary modes: a formal mode of planned, teacher-led transmission, and an informal mode of spontaneous exchange among the participants.

Application: test each statement listed in the question against that model.

1. Formal lecturing is planned, teacher-led verbal transmission addressed to the whole class. That is exactly the formal mode of the process, so it is a genuine component of classroom communication.

2. Informal discussions are spontaneous, unplanned exchanges among the teacher and the learners. That is the informal mode, so it is a genuine component as well.

3. Explaining is the encoding act itself: the teacher recasts content so that the learner can decode the intended meaning. Encoding is a stage of the communication process, so explaining belongs to it.

4. "Listening by learning" reverses the real relation. Listening is the reception skill through which learning happens, that is, learning by listening; making learning the route to listening is not a recognised component of the process.

5. "Less importance to feedback" contradicts the concept stated above. The return of the learners’ response is what makes classroom communication two-way, so downgrading it describes a breakdown of the process rather than a part of it.

Cross-check: the statements that survive are formal lecturing, informal discussions and explaining, that is, statements (B), (C) and (E) as labelled in the question. Every grouping that carries the reversed listening phrase of statement (A) or the feedback-devaluing statement (D) is ruled out, and exactly one grouping is left.

Answer: (B), (C), (E) only, that is, formal lecturing, informal discussions and explaining. This agrees with the official NTA final answer key for UGC NET Paper I, November 2020.