Match the LIST-I with LIST-II LIST-I (Institutions) LIST-II (Association) A.…
2024
Match the LIST-I with LIST-II
LIST-I (Institutions) | LIST-II (Association) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
A. | Takshashila | I. | Tantric Buddhism |
B. | Nalanda | II. | Brahminical centre of learning |
C. | Vikramsila | III. | Principal seats of Sanskrit learning |
D. | Benares and Navadwip | IV. | Buddhist centre of learning |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer: D. A B C D II IV I III — Ancient and medieval Indian centres of higher learning are classified by the intellectual tradition each one served. Brahmanical (Vedic) schools transmitted…
- A.
A
B
C
D
IV
III
II
I
- B.
A
B
C
D
I
II
III
IV
- C.
A
B
C
D
III
I
IV
II
- D.
A
B
C
D
II
IV
I
III
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: D
Ancient and medieval Indian centres of higher learning are classified by the intellectual tradition each one served. Brahmanical (Vedic) schools transmitted the Vedas, the Vedangas and the allied Sanskrit disciplines; the Buddhist mahaviharas taught the Tripitaka and Mahayana philosophy; the eastern mahaviharas founded under the Pala kings specialised further in Vajrayana, that is Tantric, Buddhism; and a separate stream of traditional Sanskrit scholarship continued in the pathshala towns of the medieval period. Placing an institution correctly therefore means recalling both the tradition it belonged to and the period in which it flourished.
Applying that classification institution by institution:
Institution | Association | Basis |
|---|---|---|
Takshashila | Brahminical centre of learning | Flourished in Gandhara from about the sixth century BCE, before the age of the Buddhist mahaviharas; its teachers taught the Vedas, the Vedangas and the eighteen silpas, so it belongs to the Brahminical stream. |
Nalanda | Buddhist centre of learning | Founded under the Gupta rulers in the fifth century CE as a great mahavihara whose curriculum was built on Mahayana Buddhist philosophy, with Hiuen Tsang among its recorded students. |
Vikramsila | Tantric Buddhism | Founded by the Pala king Dharmapala in the late eighth century CE and later headed by Atisa Dipankara; its distinctive faculty was Vajrayana or Tantric study. |
Benares and Navadwip | Principal seats of Sanskrit learning | Traditional centres of Sanskrit scholarship that continued into the medieval and modern periods: Varanasi for Vedic and sastric studies and Navadwip for Navya-Nyaya logic. |
Cross-check by period and tradition: the pre-Buddhist Gandharan school must take the Brahminical association, the Gupta-age mahavihara the general Buddhist one, the Pala-age mahavihara the Tantric one, and the two surviving pathshala towns the Sanskrit one. Only one arrangement satisfies all four constraints at once.
Hence the correct match is Takshashila with the Brahminical centre of learning, Nalanda with the Buddhist centre of learning, Vikramsila with Tantric Buddhism, and Benares and Navadwip with the principal seats of Sanskrit learning, that is A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III.