‘Learning is any change in behaviour, resulting from behaviour’ – who said it?

Concept: Different educational psychologists have proposed their own definitions of learning, each shaped by their particular theoretical lens – some emphasise behaviour, some emphasise experience, and some emphasise adjustment to new situations. Teaching-aptitude and pedagogy exams routinely test which exact definition is attributed to which theorist.

Application: The exact wording quoted here – learning as any change in behaviour resulting from behaviour – is the definition attributed to J. P. Guilford in standard teaching-aptitude references. Guilford's formulation treats accumulated behaviour itself, built up through experience, as the source of further behavioural change.

Contrast with the other theorists offered:

• Crow & Crow define learning as the acquisition of habits, knowledge, and attitudes that help a person adjust to new situations – a different formulation from the one quoted here.

• Woodworth described learning as the process of acquiring new knowledge and new responses – a knowledge-acquisition framing, not the behaviour-to-behaviour wording quoted here.

• Skinner characterised learning as a process of progressive behaviour adaptation driven by reinforcement – a conditioning-based framing distinct from the wording quoted here.

Result: So the quoted definition matches Guilford's formulation among the theorists offered.