What is encapsulation in OOP?

Encapsulation is one of the fundamental concepts of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP). It refers to combining data (variables) and the methods (functions) that operate on that data into a single unit called a class.

Encapsulation also helps in data hiding by restricting direct access to internal data using access modifiers such as private, protected, and public.

Example:

class Student
{
private:
    int marks;

public:
    void setMarks(int m)
    {
        marks = m;
    }
};

Here, data (marks) and method (setMarks) are bundled together inside the class.