In each question below is given a statement followed by two conclusions…
2025
In each question below is given a statement followed by two conclusions numbered I and II. You have to assume everything in the statement to be true, then consider the two conclusions together and decide which of them logically follows beyond a reasonable doubt from the information given in the statement.
Statements: Industrial Revolution which first of all started in Europe has brought about modern age.
Conclusions:
i. Disparity between rich and poor results in revolution.
ii. Revolution overhauls society.
- A.
Only conclusion I follows
- B.
Only conclusion II follows
- C.
Either I or II follows
- D.
Neither I nor II follows
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: B
Concept: In statement-and-conclusion reasoning, a conclusion 'follows' only when it can be deduced strictly from the words of the statement — using no outside knowledge, cause, or assumption that the statement itself does not state. Restating, in equivalent words, an effect the statement already asserts counts as a valid deduction; introducing an idea (a cause, a comparison, a fact) that the statement never mentions does not.
Application:
Conclusion I claims that disparity between rich and poor results in revolution. The statement only says the Industrial Revolution began in Europe and brought about the modern age — it says nothing about economic disparity or what causes a revolution. This introduces information the statement never gives, so Conclusion I does not follow.
Conclusion II claims that revolution overhauls society. The statement itself says the Industrial Revolution 'brought about modern age' — that is, it produced a sweeping, wide-scale change in the way society lives and functions. 'Overhauling society' is simply this same claim restated in other words, so Conclusion II is a direct deduction from the statement and follows.
Cross-check:
Conclusion I fails the rule: it needs an unstated fact (that disparity causes revolution) to hold, so it is an assumption, not a deduction.
Conclusion II passes the rule: it needs no fact beyond what the statement already says about the Industrial Revolution's effect, so it is a deduction, not an assumption.
Result: Only Conclusion II — 'Revolution overhauls society' — follows from the statement.