Given below are two statements: Statement I: Aristotelian syllogism regards…
2022
Given below are two statements:
Statement I: Aristotelian syllogism regards deduction and induction as inseparably related.
Statement II: The Nyaya school of classical Indian philosophy regards deduction and induction as two aspects of the same process.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
Answer: D. Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct — ConceptDeduction derives a particular conclusion from a universal relation, whereas induction establishes or generalizes such a universal relation from…
- A.
Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
- B.
Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect
- C.
Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect
- D.
Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: D
Concept
Deduction derives a particular conclusion from a universal relation, whereas induction establishes or generalizes such a universal relation from observed cases. A logical system may treat these as separate methods or as linked phases within one inferential process.
Application
Aristotelian syllogistic demonstration is deductive: given universal premises, it derives a necessary conclusion. Induction is discussed as a distinct way of moving from particulars toward a universal.
In Nyaya inference, repeated observation supports vyapti (invariable concomitance), and that universal relation is then applied to the paksha (the case under consideration). Thus the inductive and deductive movements operate as parts of one inferential process.
Contrast
Both statements correct: this would require both traditions to treat the two movements as inseparable.
Both statements incorrect: this would require both traditions to treat the two movements as separate.
Statement I correct and Statement II incorrect: this reverses the distinction between the two traditions.
Statement I incorrect and Statement II correct: this matches Aristotle’s separation and Nyaya’s integrated process.
Cross-check
The decisive comparison is not whether both traditions use inference, but whether each treats induction and deduction as separate methods or as phases of one process.
Result
Therefore, Statement I is incorrect and Statement II is correct.