Match the List-I with List-II LIST I — Concept LIST II — Description A.…
2024
Match the List-I with List-II
LIST I — Concept | LIST II — Description |
|---|---|
A. Disinformation | I. Intentional suppression of contradictory ideas |
B. Black propaganda | II. Transmission of information may be or may not be false |
C. White propaganda | III. False information about the opposition |
D. Gray propaganda | IV. Strategic transmission of lies |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer: C. A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II — ConceptPropaganda types are distinguished along two axes: how openly the source of a message is identified, and how truthful its content is. White propaganda…
- A.
A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
- B.
A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I
- C.
A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II
- D.
A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: C
Concept
Propaganda types are distinguished along two axes: how openly the source of a message is identified, and how truthful its content is. White propaganda comes from a source that is openly and correctly identified; it argues its own case in the open, and its persuasive work is done by presenting only the favourable side while deliberately holding back ideas that contradict it. Black propaganda is credited to a false or concealed source and its content is deliberately fabricated, so falsehood is its working method. Gray propaganda lies between the two: the source is unacknowledged or uncertain and the truth of the content is itself left open, so the material may be accurate, partly accurate, or wholly false.
Disinformation is not one of the colour categories. It names the content rather than the source: information known to be false, manufactured and planted deliberately, classically about or against an opponent, so that the audience and the opponent act on a false picture.
Application
Apply each definition to the descriptions given in List II.
List I — Concept | List II — Description | Why it fits |
|---|---|---|
A. Disinformation | III. False information about the opposition | Deliberately false content aimed at an opponent is the defining feature. |
B. Black propaganda | IV. Strategic transmission of lies | Fabricated content delivered under a disguised or falsely credited source; lying is the method itself. |
C. White propaganda | I. Intentional suppression of contradictory ideas | The source is acknowledged, so persuasion works by withholding contradictory material rather than by lying. |
D. Gray propaganda | II. Transmission of information may be or may not be false | The source is unacknowledged and the accuracy of the content is deliberately left uncertain. |
Cross-check
Only one description in List II leaves the truth value open — information that may be or may not be false — and only gray propaganda is defined by uncertain accuracy, so that pair can be fixed first.
Only white propaganda is defined by what it withholds rather than by what it asserts, so intentional suppression of contradictory ideas attaches to it.
Two descriptions of falsehood then remain: the one naming the target (the opposition) belongs to disinformation, while the one naming the method (strategic transmission of lies) belongs to black propaganda.
Standard treatments — Baran and Davis, Mass Communication Theory, and Jowett and O'Donnell, Propaganda and Persuasion — define gray propaganda by uncertain accuracy and white propaganda by an acknowledged source that suppresses contradictory material, which is the reading used here.
The complete matching is therefore A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II.