Which of the following are codes of reception in communication? A. Bystander…

CONCEPT

In reception theory, a code of reception is the interpretive position an audience takes while decoding an encoded message.

Stuart Hall distinguishes three positions by the audience’s relation to the preferred meaning: acceptance, conditional adaptation, or rejection and reframing.

APPLICATION

Apply that distinction to each listed term:

• Bystander describes a participant or observer role; it is not one of Hall’s decoding positions.

• Dominant describes accepting the preferred meaning within the same general code in which it was produced.

• Negotiated describes accepting the broad framework while adapting parts of it to local circumstances.

• Oppositional describes understanding the preferred meaning but decoding it through a contrary framework.

• Channel is the medium or path through which a message travels; it is an element of transmission, not a reception position.

CROSS-CHECK

The three decoding positions form a coherent continuum: accept the preferred meaning, partly adapt it, or reject and reframe it. Bystander and Channel belong to different conceptual categories.

RESULT

Therefore, the codes of reception are Dominant, Negotiated and Oppositional, so the accepted set is B, C, D only.