The main preoccupations of quantitative researchers are: A. Measurement B.…

CONCEPT

In quantitative research, the central design concerns connect how abstract ideas are measured, how relationships are explained, how findings extend beyond a sample, and whether results can be reproduced.

Together, these concerns support the validity, scope, and reliability of empirical conclusions.

APPLICATION

Apply that framework to the four listed statements:

• Measurement converts concepts into variables or indicators that can be observed and analysed.

• Causality examines whether a change in one factor helps explain a change in another.

• Generalization asks whether findings from a sample can extend to a wider population or setting.

• Replication tests whether a study or analysis can be repeated with comparable results.

CONTRAST

• The set containing only measurement and causality leaves scope and repeatability outside the combination; the set containing causality, generalization, and replication leaves operational measurement outside; the set containing measurement, generalization, and replication leaves causal explanation outside.

Therefore, the complete set is measurement, causality, generalization, and replication.