Which of the following statements are not true of learning? A. Learning is a…

Concept

Learning is generally understood as a relatively enduring change in knowledge, skill, attitude, or behaviour that develops through experience and practice.

It is not confined to a short age range; it continues throughout life and often involves reorganising or reconstructing prior experience.

Application

1. Statement A calls learning temporary. This conflicts with the defining feature of a relatively enduring change, so A is not true.

2. Statement B describes an enduring or relatively permanent change in behaviour, which is a standard characteristic of learning.

3. Statement C describes learning as lifelong, consistent with learning continuing beyond formal schooling.

4. Statement D confines learning to the age of 18. Learning continues in adulthood, so D is not true.

5. Statement E links learning with reconstruction of experiences, consistent with constructivist accounts of learning.

Contrast and cross-check

• The set A, B, C and E excludes D and also treats three accepted characteristics as false.

• The set A, D and E additionally treats reconstruction of experience as false.

• The set A and D isolates the two statements that conflict with the standard characteristics.

• The set B, C, D and E treats enduring, lifelong, and reconstructive features as false.

Therefore, the statements that are not true are A and D; the accepted combination is “A and D only”.