RSSB 2024 Previous Year Questions (PYQs) with Solutions

Java Development Kit (JDK) is a software development package used for developing Java applications.

JDK includes:

• JRE (Java Runtime Environment)

• Java Compiler (javac)

• Development tools and libraries

The main role of JDK is to:

• Create Java programs

• Compile Java source code into bytecode

• Execute Java applications

Example:

javac Program.java
java Program

Here:

• javac compiles the Java program
  

• java executes the compiled program
  

Therefore, JDK is used to create, compile, and execute Java applications.

Kuchamani Khyal is a famous folk theatre style of Rajasthan, especially associated with Kuchaman City in the Rajasthan region. It was started by Lachhi Ram, who is regarded as its founder and major developer.

This folk form is known for:

musical drama and storytelling,

dialogue-based performance,

mythological and historical themes,

use of local Rajasthani language and humor.

Correct answer: Myopia, Concave lens

• The blackboard is a distant object for a student sitting in the last row.

• Difficulty seeing distant objects clearly is called myopia or nearsightedness.

• Myopia is corrected using a concave lens, which diverges incoming light rays so the image forms on the retina.

Correct. Bikaner lies in the Thar Desert region of northwestern Rajasthan and has an arid desert climate with very low rainfall. Its vegetation is mainly thorny desert scrub, so tropical forests are absent here.

The human brain contains 4 ventricles that are interconnected and filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF):

Right Lateral Ventricle
Left Lateral Ventricle
Third Ventricle
Fourth Ventricle

These ventricles help in the production, circulation, and cushioning of cerebrospinal fluid around the brain and spinal cord.

Correct Answer: (C) 4

• Tobacco smoke contains harmful chemical substances like benzopyrene, nicotine, tar, and nitrosamines.

• These chemicals can cause cancer (carcinogen) in lungs, mouth, throat, etc.

Let’s match the rulers of Bikaner with their reign periods:

1. Rao Bika → (ii) 1465–1504 AD

Founder of Bikaner, ruled from *1465 to 1504**.

2. Rao Lunakarna → (IV) 1505–1526 AD

Succeeded Rao Bika and ruled *1505–1526**.

3. Rao Jaitsi → (i) 1526–1541 AD

* Ruled during the early Mughal Empire period.

4. Rao Kalyanmal → (iii) 1541–1574 AD

* Known for strengthening ties with Akbar.

Final Matching:

(a) – (ii)

(b) – (IV)

(c) – (i)

(d) – (iii)

**Answer:** a-ii, b-iv, c-i, d-iii ✅

According to the population projections by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, the projected population of Rajasthan in 2011 was about 68.5 million, i.e., 6.85 crore. This closely matches the official projected figure of 68,548,000 (6.8548 crore)

Microbial enzymes have important industrial applications:

Therefore, the correctly matched pairs are:

(a) Amylase – Preparation of glucose syrup ✔️
(b) Protease – Clarifying beer ✔️

Hence,

Correct Answer: Option B – (a) and (b) only

Coating iron or steel with zinc to prevent rusting is called galvanization. This protective layer acts as a barrier against moisture and oxygen, which are necessary for rust formation.

Iron reacts with oxygen and moisture in the air to form rust. This process is called Corrosion.

To prevent this, iron pipes are galvanised, which means they are coated with a thin layer of Zinc. The zinc layer acts as a protective barrier, stopping air and water from reaching the iron surface and thus preventing rusting.

So, galvanisation increases the life of iron pipes and is commonly used in household water pipes.

Correct answer: (b) and (c) only

• Iron is an element, so it is not a mixture.

• Coal is a mixture because it contains carbon along with other substances.

• Sea water is a mixture of water and dissolved salts.

• Hydrogen chloride (HCl) is a compound in this clarified wording, so it is not counted as a mixture here.

According to Census of India 2011, Dungarpur was the least urbanised district of Rajasthan, with only about 6.4% of its population living in urban areas, while about 93.6% lived in rural areas. This makes it the district with the lowest level of urbanization in the state.

A. 36

Explanation:

Sawai Jai Singh II (ruled 1699–1743 CE) established these 36 Karkhanas (royal workshops/factories) during the late Mughal period, before major British political expansion in India. He founded Jaipur in 1727 CE and developed it as a planned city with strong administrative and economic systems.

These Karkhanas were state-run workshops created to support:

* textile production (weaving, dyeing, printing, tailoring),

* handicrafts and luxury goods, and

the needs of the *royal court and army**.

Because 36 such Karkhanas are recorded in historical and Rajasthan GK sources, 36 is the accepted answer.

The 84 Pillared Cenotaph (Chaurasi Khambon ki Chhatri) was built in 1683 CE by Rao Raja Anirudh Singh, the ruler of Bundi. He constructed it in memory of his foster brother, Deva.

This monument is famous for:

its 84 intricately carved pillars,

beautiful Rajput architectural style, and

being one of the important historical monuments of Bundi, Rajasthan.

Since Rao Raja Anirudh Singh commissioned its construction, he is the correct answer.

The malaria parasite (Plasmodium) undergoes part of its life cycle in humans and part in the female Anopheles mosquito.

Life cycle highlights:

-Gametocytes are taken up by the mosquito from an infected human.
-Sexual reproduction occurs inside the mosquito.
-Sporozoites are produced and migrate to the mosquito's salivary glands.
-During the next bite, these sporozoites enter the human bloodstream and initiate infection.

Therefore, the stage found in the salivary glands of the female Anopheles mosquito is:

D) Sporozoites

In the Arid Western Plain zone of Rajasthan, Bajra, Moth, and Sesamum are the major Kharif crops. These crops thrive in arid conditions during the monsoon season. In contrast, Wheat, Gram, and Mustard are Rabi crops sown in winter.

Tooth enamel is mainly made of calcium phosphate in the form of hydroxyapatite.

Desert National Park is located in the Thar Desert near Jaisalmer in Rajasthan. Established in 1980, it is one of India’s largest national parks and is famous for its desert ecosystem, sand dunes, and the endangered Great Indian Bustard. Therefore, Rajasthan is the correct answer.

A concave lens is a diverging lens, meaning it always causes incident light rays to spread out. When an object is placed in front of a concave lens, the refracted rays diverge and appear to come from a point on the same side as the object. This results in the formation of a virtual, erect, and diminished image between the optical centre and the focal point. Virtual images are formed by the apparent intersection of light rays, not actual convergence. Since a screen can only capture real images formed by the actual meeting of light rays, it is impossible to project a virtual image onto a screen. Therefore, no matter where Rahul places the screen on the other side of the lens, he will never be able to obtain a clear image. Options suggesting specific distances (B, C, D) are incorrect because they imply the formation of a real image, which does not occur with a single concave lens.

Under the Rajasthan Investment Promotion Scheme 2022, Rajasthan is highlighted for achievements such as being a major producer of oilseeds, coarse cereals, mustard, bajra, coriander, and milk. However, being second in medicinal and aromatic crops production is not mentioned as one of Rajasthan’s recognized strengths in the scheme, making this statement incorrect.

Vermicomposting is the process of converting organic waste into nutrient-rich compost using earthworms.

Among the commonly used earthworm species:

Eisenia fetida → Exotic species ✔️
Perionyx excavatus → Indigenous species
Lampito mauritii → Indigenous species

Because Eisenia fetida is highly adaptable, reproduces rapidly, and efficiently converts organic waste into compost, it is the most widely used exotic species in vermicomposting.

Correct Answer: C) Eisenia fetida

This is the correct answer because Jaipur was not a major center of the Indian Rebellion of 1857. During the revolt, the ruler of Jaipur, Maharaja Ram Singh II, remained loyal to the British and supported the British East India Company. Unlike places such as Auwa and Neemuch, where open rebellion occurred, Jaipur did not witness any major uprising or military resistance against British rule. This loyalty helped Jaipur avoid becoming a revolutionary center during 1857.

During the reign of Rawal Samar Singh (1273–1302 CE), literature and cultural activities flourished in Chittorgarh Fort. Historical records mention Padm Singh, Kel Singh, Shilpi Keylan, and Shilpi Karma as notable architects/artisans of that period.

Amit Singh Suri was not among the famous architect/artisans of Rawal Samar Singh’s time, which makes options A, B, and D incorrect.

Antacids are medicines used to neutralize excess stomach acid, which helps relieve symptoms of indigestion and heartburn.

The Mahatma Gandhi Government School (English Medium) initiative was launched by the Government of Rajasthan starting from the academic session 2019–20. These schools were established to provide high-quality English medium education to students from diverse socio-economic backgrounds, specifically focusing on those who cannot afford private schooling. They are fully funded and managed by the state's School Education Department.

Mahi Bajaj Sagar Dam was constructed on the Mahi River in Banswara district of Rajasthan. It is one of Rajasthan’s major multipurpose river valley projects, developed mainly for irrigation, hydroelectric power generation, and water supply. Because of its importance to the region, it is the most well-known dam associated with Banswara.

Constituents of a mixture are combined physically without chemical bonding. Therefore, they can be separated using physical methods such as filtration, distillation, or evaporation.

When a person moves from bright sunlight to a dark room, the eyes need to adjust to the lower light levels. The iris muscles relax, causing the pupil (the opening in the center of the eye) to dilate or increase in size. This allows more light to enter the eye, enabling better vision in the dark environment.

A mixture is formed when substances are combined without a chemical reaction, so the components retain their individual properties.

Therefore, mixture components are separated by physical methods.

• filtration

• evaporation

• distillation

• decantation

• sublimation

• magnetic separation

• chromatography

Correct answer: Physical.

Limestone is a primary raw material used in the cement industry, where it is calcined to produce lime. It is also essential in glass manufacturing and steel production.

Biomass energy is derived from organic materials such as plants, wood, and animal waste. Common examples include firewood, biogas, and ethanol. Sources like nuclear energy or fossil fuels (coal, petroleum) are typically not classified as biomass in this context.

Aqua regia is a freshly prepared mixture of concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl) and concentrated nitric acid in the ratio of 3:1. This combination generates reactive species like nitrosyl chloride and chlorine, enabling it to dissolve noble metals such as gold.

The question asks for the option which is NOT a startup in the millet sector in Rajasthan.

• Govindjee, Milleys, and ACL Foods are associated with food processing and millet-based products, contributing to Rajasthan’s push toward millet promotion (especially after the International Year of Millets 2023).

• These startups focus on value-added millet foods, nutrition products, and agro-processing.

However, Pagarbook is not related to agriculture or millet sector. It is a fintech/HR management startup that provides tools for attendance, payroll, and employee management for small businesses.

Thus, it does not belong to the millet startup ecosystem, making it the correct answer.

Statement (I) is correct as alluvial soil in Rajasthan is found in northern and eastern districts like Hanumangarh, Alwar, Dholpur, and Dausa. Statement (II) is incorrect because alluvial soil is generally deficient in nitrogen and humus, but rich in lime, phosphorus, and potash. Thus, the correct choice is Option 3.

Food cans are coated with tin rather than zinc primarily due to differences in their chemical reactivity. Zinc is more reactive than tin, meaning it oxidizes and corrodes easily when exposed to air or moisture.

If zinc were used as a coating, it would react with the acidic components often found in food, potentially contaminating the contents and causing spoilage.

Tin, being less reactive than zinc, forms a stable protective layer that resists corrosion and does not react with food substances. This ensures the safety and longevity of the canned goods.

While tin does have a lower melting point than zinc, this is not the primary reason for its selection in food packaging.

Similarly, tin is generally more expensive than zinc, so cost is not the deciding factor here.

The key advantage lies in tin's lower reactivity, which prevents harmful chemical interactions with food, making Option D the correct choice.

A girl observes that her image remains erect (upright) regardless of her position in front of the mirror. This means the mirror must always produce a virtual and erect image.

A plane mirror always forms a virtual and erect image for every object position. Similarly, a convex mirror also always forms a virtual and erect image, although the image is diminished in size.

However, a concave mirror does not satisfy this condition. It forms an erect image only when the object is placed between the pole and the focus. If the object is moved beyond the focus, the image becomes real and inverted.

Since the image remains erect irrespective of the girl's position, the mirror cannot be concave. Therefore, the mirror is most likely either a plane mirror or a convex mirror.

Hence, Option A is correct.

The Royal Rajasthan Foundation (RRF) is the social responsibility arm of the Rajasthan Royals franchise. Its core focus is on women empowerment, rural development, and social upliftment in Rajasthan.

The vision statement “Aurat hai to Bharat hai” highlights the importance of women in nation-building and reflects RRF’s mission to empower women through education, skill development, and livelihood opportunities. This slogan directly aligns with the foundation’s initiatives and vision.

Other options are incorrect because they are either promotional taglines or unrelated to the foundation’s social vision.

Rust is formed when iron reacts with oxygen and moisture in the air. Chemically, rust is hydrated iron(III) oxide.

The actual composition of rust is:

However, in competitive examinations and basic chemistry questions, rust is usually represented as: Fe₂O₃

Therefore:

Correct Answer: A) Fe₂O₃

The human body is highly sensitive to changes in pH. Enzymes and biochemical reactions function efficiently only within a narrow pH range.

Human blood normally has a pH of about 7.4.
Most body processes occur in a range close to neutral.
Significant deviation from this range can disrupt vital functions.

Therefore, the correct range among the given options is:

C) 7.0 to 7.8

As per Census 2011, Rajasthan has speakers of several non-native languages due to migration and proximity to other states. Among the given options (Sindhi, Marathi, Telugu, Punjabi), Punjabi has the highest percentage of speakers in Rajasthan.

This is mainly because Rajasthan shares a border with Punjab and has a significant Punjabi migrant population, especially after the partition and in districts like Sri Ganganagar and Hanumangarh.

Other languages like Sindhi are also present (due to partition migrants), but their percentage is lower than Punjabi. Marathi and Telugu speakers are comparatively very few in Rajasthan.

Heat produced H = I²Rt. If current doubles (2I), heat becomes (2I)²Rt = 4I²Rt, which is four times the original value.

When ‘n’ resistors, each having resistance ‘r’, are connected in a Parallel Circuit, the formula for equivalent resistance is:

1/R = 1/r+1/r+1/r+1/r ...(n times)

Adding these terms:

1/R = n/r

Taking reciprocal on both sides:

R= r/n

So, the equivalent resistance becomes smaller than each individual resistance in parallel connection.

Therefore, the correct answer is ( r/n )

Gulabi Gangaur is a special form of the Gangaur festival celebrated in Ajmer, Rajasthan. Unlike the regular Gangaur festival (celebrated across Rajasthan), Gulabi Gangaur is observed specifically on Chaitra Shukla Panchami in Ajmer.

The celebration is known for its unique rituals, colorful processions, and cultural performances, where idols of Gauri (Parvati) are worshipped. The term “Gulabi” reflects the festive and vibrant nature of the celebration. This distinct tradition makes Ajmer the correct answer.

The Khejri tree (Prosopis cineraria) is popularly known as the "Kalpavriksha of Thar" due to its immense ecological, economic, and cultural significance in the Thar Desert. It provides fodder for livestock, fuelwood, shade, and edible Sangri pods, while also improving soil fertility through nitrogen fixation. The tree is highly revered by the Bishnoi community and played a central role in the historic Khejarli Movement of Rajasthan. Owing to its ability to sustain life in arid conditions and fulfill multiple needs of desert communities, it is called the Kalpavriksha (wish-fulfilling tree) of Thar.

Ana Sagar Lake is a famous artificial lake located in Ajmer, Rajasthan. It was built in the 12th century by Anaji Chauhan, the grandfather of Prithviraj Chauhan.

The lake is an important tourist attraction known for its scenic beauty, surrounding gardens like Daulat Bagh, and nearby Mughal structures such as Baradari pavilions built by Shah Jahan. It plays a key role in the city’s water system and cultural heritage. Hence, the correct location is Ajmer City.

In the States’ Startup Ranking 2022 conducted by DPIIT (Government of India), states are categorized into groups such as Top Performers, Leaders, Aspiring Leaders, and Emerging Startup Ecosystems based on their startup policies, ecosystem development, funding support, incubation, and ease of doing business.

Rajasthan was placed in the “Aspiring Leaders” category, which indicates that the state has shown significant progress in building its startup ecosystem, including policy support, incubation centers, and funding initiatives, but is still developing compared to top-performing states.

Rajasthan has a dry and arid climate, with low rainfall and limited water availability. Because of this, crops that require less water are mainly grown here.

Major crops of Rajasthan include:

• Millet (Bajra) → Staple crop, grows well in dry conditions

• Maize → Grown in some regions with moderate rainfall

• Groundnut → Important oilseed crop

However, sugarcane requires a large amount of water and humid conditions, which are not suitable for most parts of Rajasthan. Hence, it is not a major crop of the state.

Lemon pickle is acidic. It should not be stored in an aluminium jar because acid can react with aluminium and contaminate the pickle.

Bharatpur district in Rajasthan is known for its high production of mustard (sarson) due to fertile alluvial soil and suitable climatic conditions. Because of this abundant mustard production, many oil extraction units (Telghani) and small-scale industries related to mustard oil processing are established here.

These industries process mustard seeds into oil and related products, contributing to the local economy and employment. Other districts like Bhilwara (textiles), Kota (education & industry), and Bundi (agriculture but not specifically mustard-based industries) are not primarily known for mustard-based Telghani industries.

The Ganeshwar Civilization is an important Chalcolithic (Copper Age) site located in the Sikar district of Rajasthan. It is associated with the Ganeshwar–Jodhpura culture, known for extensive use of copper tools and artifacts.

This civilization developed on the banks of the Kantli River, which provided water resources necessary for settlement, agriculture, and daily life. Archaeological findings such as copper objects, pottery, and tools confirm the presence of an advanced early culture in this region. Hence, the correct river associated with the Ganeshwar civilization is the Kantli.

The resistance of a bulb is calculated using the formula R = V²/P. Since both bulbs operate at the same voltage of 220 V, resistance is inversely proportional to power. The ratio of resistances R₁:R₂ equals the inverse ratio of their powers, which is 120:80. Simplifying this fraction gives 3:2.

The Alwar School of Painting developed under Rajput patronage and was influenced by Mughal style. It included notable painters such as Daluram, Nanakram, and Baldev, who contributed to miniature paintings, court scenes, and religious themes in Alwar.

However, Jamnadas is not associated with the Alwar school of painting. His name is linked to other regional or artistic traditions, not specifically to Alwar. Therefore, he is the correct answer for “does not belong.”

A physical change is defined as a process where the substance's chemical composition remains unchanged, even if its state or appearance alters. When water changes into steam through boiling, it undergoes a phase transition from liquid to gas. The molecules remain H2O throughout this process, making it a reversible physical change without any new substance being formed. In contrast, the formation of milk from curd involves fermentation, which alters chemical properties permanently. Similarly, browning of an apple is a chemical reaction (oxidation), and digestion involves breaking down complex molecules into simpler ones chemically. Therefore, changing water into steam is the only example where no new chemical substance is produced.

The Bharathari Fair (Bhartrihari Mela) is held in Alwar district of Rajasthan, near the Bhartrihari Temple. This fair is organized in honor of Saint Bhartrihari, who is believed to have renounced his kingdom and adopted a spiritual life.

The fair is held twice a year (mainly during Bhadrapada and Vaishakh months) and attracts a large number of devotees, especially from Rajasthan and nearby states. It is an important religious and cultural event where people gather for पूजा, folk traditions, and local trade.

During the Revolt of 1857, several military cantonments across India witnessed uprisings by Indian soldiers against the British East India Company. In Rajasthan, the important mutiny took place at Nasirabad cantonment (near Ajmer) on 28th May 1857.

Indian sepoys stationed there revolted against British officers, seized control, and later moved towards Delhi to join the larger rebellion. Nasirabad was a major British military base, which made this event significant in spreading the revolt in the Rajputana region.

Other places like Neemach and Deesa also saw disturbances, but the specific revolt on 28 May 1857 in Rajasthan is associated with Nasirabad.

Ragmala Chitravali for Vithaldas Champawat of Pali is attributed to artist Shiv Das. Therefore Artist Shiv Das is correct.

In pearl millet (bajra), hybrid varieties are usually denoted by codes like HHB, RHB, or other hybrid series, developed under ICAR and state agricultural universities.

• HHB series (like HHB 67) → Hybrid variety developed for high yield.

• RHB series (like RHB 127) → Rajasthan Hybrid Bajra varieties.

• PEHM 11 → Also a hybrid variety released for cultivation.

However, RHB 121 is not recognized as a standard hybrid variety recommended under ICAR for Rajasthan, making it the incorrect option in this context.

Thus, the answer is RHB 121.

The natural gas pipeline passes through Bikaner in Rajasthan, making it the correct geographical location.

Statement (I) says that agriculture and allied sectors contribute 28.95% to Rajasthan’s GSVA (2022–23) and remain the backbone of the economy. This is correct because Rajasthan has a large rural population and a significant dependence on agriculture, livestock, and allied activities like dairy and fisheries.

Statement (II) highlights Rajasthan’s diverse climatic conditions, which allow cultivation of different crops such as wheat, barley, mustard, bajra, and pulses. The state is also known for promoting organic farming and has a strong animal husbandry sector (especially cattle, camels, and sheep). Rajasthan is one of the leading states in livestock population, supporting this statement.

Since both statements are factually correct and logically consistent, the correct answer is Option B.

Concept: Ductility is the property of a metal that lets it be drawn out into thin wire under tensile stress without fracturing. It depends on how easily layers of metal atoms can slip past one another while the metallic bond keeps the structure intact — the easier this slip, the more ductile the metal.

Applying it here: Among the metals offered, gold has the atomic arrangement that allows the greatest amount of plastic deformation. A single gram of gold can be drawn into a wire about two kilometres long, which is why it ranks first in ductility.

Comparing the candidates by their drawability:

Result: Gold is the most ductile metal among the options.

• (a) Blue pottery, gems & jewellery → Jaipur (iii): Jaipur is world-famous for blue pottery and gemstone jewellery industry.

• (b) Granite/Marble → Ajmer (i): Ajmer (and nearby Kishangarh) is a major hub of marble and granite in Rajasthan.

• (c) Embroidery fabric → Kota (ii): Kota is known for textile industry, especially Kota Doria and related fabric work.

• (d) Automobile parts → Alwar (iv): Alwar (especially Bhiwadi) is an industrial hub with automobile manufacturing units.

Thus, the correct matching is (a)-(iii), (b)-(i), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iv).

The correct property is sonority. Sonority refers to the ability of a material, particularly metals, to produce a ringing sound when struck. This property makes them suitable for making bells and strings of musical instruments.

Detailed Solution:
Rani Ji Ki Baori is a famous stepwell located in Bundi, Rajasthan. It was constructed by Rani Nathavati Ji, the younger queen of Maharaja Anirudh Singh of Bundi in the 17th century. This baori is known for its grand architecture, intricate carvings, high arched gateways, and multi-storey structure. It served both as a water storage system and a place of social gathering.

Other options are incorrect because:

• Chand Baori is located in Abhaneri (Dausa) and built by King Chanda, not Rani Nathavati.

• Parcha Baori is not associated with Bundi or this queen.

• Rajon Ki Baoli is in Delhi, built during the Lodi period.

Thus, the correct answer is Rani Ji Ki Baori.

The number of startups registered with the Rajasthan government has been steadily increasing under initiatives like the Rajasthan Startup Policy. By July 2024, the registered startups fall approximately in the range of 3500–5500. This reflects the growing entrepreneurial ecosystem in cities like Jaipur, Udaipur, and Jodhpur, supported by government funding, incubation centers, and startup-friendly policies.

Options like 8000–9500 are too high for Rajasthan at that time, while ranges like up to 1000 or 1000–2500 are outdated figures from earlier years. Hence, the most appropriate answer is the mid-range option 3500–5500.

Chand Bardai was a famous poet in medieval India and is best known for writing the epic Prithviraj Raso. This work describes the life, bravery, and achievements of Prithviraj III (Prithviraj Chauhan), who was a powerful Rajput king of Ajmer and Delhi. Chand Bardai was not just a poet but also a close companion and court poet of Prithviraj III. His writings provide both historical and legendary accounts of the king’s life, especially his battles against Muhammad Ghori. Therefore, Chand Bardai was the court poet of Prithviraj III.

The Jawar and Zawar mines located near Udaipur are historically renowned for their significant zinc reserves. Geological surveys confirm these ancient sites were major sources of zinc extraction in Rajasthan.

Biofertilizers are microorganisms that enhance soil fertility and nutrient availability. Rhizobium, Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Blue Green Algae, Mycorrhiza, and Acetobacteria are all standard examples of biofertilizers. Since all listed microbes in the options serve this purpose, Option D is identified as the correct choice.

The human eye has the ability to focus clearly on objects located at different distances. This ability is called accommodation.

Accommodation is achieved by the ciliary muscles, which are attached to the eye lens through suspensory ligaments.

-When viewing a near object, the ciliary muscles contract, causing the lens to become thicker and more convex. This decreases the focal length.
-When viewing a distant object, the ciliary muscles relax, causing the lens to become thinner and flatter. This increases the focal length.

Thus, the ciliary muscles regulate the focal length of the eye lens, enabling clear vision of objects at varying distances.

Most non-metals are dull (non-lustrous). However, iodine is a well-known exception because it has a shiny, lustrous appearance despite being a non-metal.

Among the given options:

Potassium → Metal ❌
Fluorine → Non-metal but non-lustrous ❌
Phosphorus → Non-metal, not typically cited for lustre ❌
Iodine → Non-metal and lustrous ✔️

Correct Answer: D) Iodine

A colloid is a heterogeneous mixture in which particles of one substance are dispersed in another medium.

Therefore, the correct matching is: (a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)

Correct Answer: A

Hiralal Shastri became the first Chief Minister (then referred to as Premier or Prime Minister) of Rajasthan when the Matsya Union was merged with Greater Rajasthan on May 15, 1949. Shastri was appointed to lead the government of the newly formed "United State of Rajasthan" after the merger of major princely states like Jaipur, Jodhpur, Bikaner, and Jaisalmer with the existing union.

The correct answer is Mangarh Dham. This site in Rajasthan is often referred to as the 'Jallianwala Bagh of Rajasthan' because of a tragic massacre that took place there in 1913, where British troops fired upon unarmed protesters. This historical parallel draws the comparison to the infamous Jallianwala Bagh massacre in Amritsar.

The ornament 'Chel Kadi' is a traditional piece of jewelry worn by Rajasthani men specifically on their ears. It is an important part of the cultural attire and signifies status or occasion in Rajasthan.

The Ajmer Sharif Urs commemorates the death anniversary of the Sufi saint Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti and attracts pilgrims from across the world. The Pushkar Fair is one of India's largest livestock and cultural fairs, held in Pushkar. Since Pushkar is situated in Ajmer district, both events are linked to Ajmer, making it the correct answer.

Blue litmus paper turns red in the presence of an acidic solution. Acids have a pH value less than 7. Therefore, a pH of 5 indicates an acidic environment.

Mukundara and Bundi hills are located in the South-Eastern Plateau region of Rajasthan. Standard geographical classifications place districts like Bundi, Kota, and Baran under this plateau zone rather than the Aravalli range proper.

The Chambal Valley Project was established to mitigate soil erosion and flooding issues in the region. Statement (I) accurately identifies Gandhi Sagar Dam as the first phase constructed in Madhya Pradesh near Mandsaur. Statement (II) correctly lists Rana Pratap Sagar and Jawahar Sagar dams as the second and third phases in Rajasthan. Consequently, both statements are factually accurate regarding the project's timeline and locations.

Guru Jambhoji (1451–1536) founded the Bishnoi Sampradaya and laid down 29 principles, several of which focus on:

Protection of trees
Conservation of wildlife
Environmental balance
Compassion towards all living beings

Because of his strong emphasis on nature conservation, he is often called the "Environmentalist Saint of Rajasthan." The famous Khejarli Sacrifice (1730) by the Bishnoi community was inspired by his teachings.

Correct Answer: D) Jambhoji

1 Kilowatt hour (kWh) is a unit of energy representing the work done by 1000 watts of power over one hour. Since 1 watt equals 1 joule per second, and there are 3600 seconds in an hour, we calculate: 1 kWh = 1000 watts × 3600 seconds = 3,600,000 joules. In scientific notation, this is expressed as 3.6 × 10⁶ Joules.

Rusting is a form of corrosion that occurs when iron reacts with oxygen and moisture. To prevent rusting, the surface of iron is protected from contact with air and water, or the iron is modified to make it corrosion-resistant.

The following methods prevent rusting:

(a) Coating of chromium on iron objects ✔️
Forms a protective layer that prevents contact with moisture and oxygen.
(c) Greasing of iron objects ✔️
Creates a barrier between iron and the environment.
(d) Mixing iron with other elements to produce rust-proof alloys ✔️
Produces corrosion-resistant alloys such as stainless steel.

However:

(b) Storing iron objects in water ✖️
Water facilitates rusting and therefore does not prevent corrosion.

Therefore, the correct answer is:

✅ B) (a), (c) and (d) only

The Barad Peasant Movement started in April 1922. This significant peasant uprising occurred in Gujarat during the Indian independence struggle.

At the time of India's independence, present-day Rajasthan was formed by merging 19 princely states and 3 chiefships. These 22 political entities were integrated to create the unified state of Rajasthan.

Typhoid spreads mainly through contaminated food and water, and the pathogen enters the digestive tract before affecting the small intestine.

Ghoomar is a traditional Rajasthani folk dance performed by women.

In a Parallel Circuit, all resistors are connected directly across the same electrical source, so the potential difference (voltage) across each resistor remains the same.

According to Ohm's Law:
I = V / R

Since the voltage (V) is the same for all resistors, but the resistances (r₁, r₂, r₃) are different, the current (I) through each resistor will be different.

Tooth decay begins when the pH level in the mouth drops below 5.5. At this acidity, bacteria produce acids that demineralize tooth enamel, leading to cavities and decay over time.

Kalibangan is an archaeological site located in the Hanumangarh district of Rajasthan, India. It is a significant settlement belonging to the Indus Valley Civilization, also known as the Harappan Civilization. Excavations at this site have uncovered evidence of early urban planning, fire altars, and agricultural practices characteristic of this ancient civilization.

Murrah is a premier indigenous milk breed of buffalo in India, known for high milk yield. Beetal and Jamunapari are indigenous breeds of goats, not buffalo. Jhakrana is not a standard recognized buffalo breed in this context.

The Abhaneri Festival, organized by the Rajasthan Tourism Department, is traditionally held during September and October.

Rajasthan's South-Eastern Plateau region includes districts like Kota and Jhalawar. These districts share a direct boundary with the state of Madhya Pradesh to the south.

The Rajasthan Film Tourism Promotion Policy 2022 was officially launched/promulgated on April 18, 2022.

Hela Khyal is the correct answer. In this traditional Rajasthani folk theatre form, the main characters are specifically known as 'Mediya'. This distinguishes it from other Khyal variations.

The Sun is the ultimate source of energy for most life on Earth. It provides light and heat that drive photosynthesis, forming the base of food chains. Other energy sources like wind, water, and fossil fuels are ultimately derived from solar energy.

A compound is formed when two or more elements are chemically combined in a fixed proportion. This distinguishes it from mixtures, where components retain their individual properties and proportions vary.

The Rani Bhatiyani Temple is situated in the Barmer district of Rajasthan. It is a historically significant temple dedicated to Rani Bhatiyani, the patron goddess of the region.

Corrosion is the gradual deterioration of a metal due to chemical reactions with its environment. Iron rusts when it is exposed to moist air, which contains both oxygen and water vapour.

Rusting of iron can be represented as:

The reddish-brown substance formed is called rust (hydrated iron(III) oxide).

✅ Correct Answer: A) Moist air

The half-life of insulin in plasma is approximately 5-6 minutes. This short duration reflects rapid clearance by the liver and kidneys, requiring frequent dosing in insulin therapy.

Ratelyia, Bichhiyon, and Lapar are recognized genres of traditional folk music originating from the Rajasthan region in India. They represent specific styles or themes within Rajasthani folk songs.

Historical records indicate that the city of Ajmer was founded by the Chauhan ruler Ajayraj in the 8th century AD. This establishment marked a significant milestone in Rajput history and regional development.

The Bijolia Peasant Movement, initiated in 1897 under Vijay Singh Pathik, is historically recognized as the first organized farmers movement in Rajasthan. It marked a significant milestone in the region's agrarian struggle against oppressive zamindari systems.

Barmer is the correct answer. This region in Rajasthan is famous for its block printing tradition, which is characterized by large and bold designs and patterns. This style distinguishes Barmer's textiles from other regions in the state known for finer prints.

The Guhilas, Guhilot, Parmar, and Sinsinwar dynasties are historically recognized as rulers of various regions within Rajasthan. The Guhilas and Guhilot dynasties are particularly associated with Mewar, while the Sinsinwar dynasty is linked to Marwar. The Parmars also have significant historical presence in the region. In contrast, the Hahira (Haihaya) dynasty is primarily associated with Central India rather than Rajasthan. Therefore, the dynasties that ruled Rajasthan include Guhilas, Guhilot, Parmar, and Sinsinwar.

The Indus Valley Civilization sites are distributed across modern-day India and Pakistan. Statement (I) is correct as Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro are located in present-day Pakistan. Statement (II) is correct as Kalibangan, Rakhigarhi, Dholavira, Ropar, and Lothal are situated within modern India. Therefore, both statements are factually accurate.

The Chinkara (Indian Gazelle) is the official state animal of Rajasthan. The Camel is also frequently cited in general knowledge contexts regarding the region's fauna. Other options include incorrect animals like Elephant or Sheep.

Correct. A concave mirror converges light and, when the bulb is placed at its focus, produces a powerful parallel beam suitable for headlights.

Slaked lime, chemically known as calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2, reacts with chlorine gas Cl2 to produce bleaching powder. The chemical equation for this reaction is 2Ca(OH)2 + 2Cl2 → CaOCl2 + H2O. Bleaching powder is calcium oxychloride, which is the primary product formed in this industrial synthesis process.

Rana Kumbha, a prominent ruler of the Mewar Kingdom between 1433 and 1468, constructed approximately 32 forts during his reign. This figure aligns with standard historical accounts regarding Mewar's extensive fortification projects under his rule.

Nahargarh Fort in Jaipur is known for having nine identical suites within its premises. This architectural feature distinguishes it from other forts in the region.