Which inference can be drawn from the passage?

Concept

An inference is a conclusion supported by the passage even when it is not stated in exactly the same words. A sound inference follows the author’s contrast and avoids absolute claims that go beyond the evidence.

Application

The passage contrasts traditional gratitude toward nature with modern practices such as fireworks, plastic waste, and excessive consumption. It says that spectacle and waste can replace humility and ecological awareness. Therefore, excessive consumption indicates reduced ecological sensitivity.

Contrast

• “Traditional festivals were always harmful” conflicts with the passage’s description of harvest festivals as gratitude for soil, rain, and sunlight.

• “Festivals can survive without cultural or ecological awareness” ignores the passage’s emphasis on connection, remembrance, and responsibility as their continuing essence.

• “Modern festivals create no meaningful connection” is too absolute because the passage says their essence persists and can be reoriented toward sustainability.

Cross-check

The inferred statement preserves the passage’s cause-and-effect contrast: excess weakens ecological awareness, while sustainable celebration restores continuity.

Result

Hence, the supported inference is: Excessive consumption during festivals reflects a loss of ecological sensitivity.