Which of the following statements about formative assessment is true?

Formative assessment is conducted during the learning process to monitor students’ progress and provide feedback that helps improve teaching and learning.

• The statement "It is carried out at the end of a course to assign grades." describes summative assessment, which evaluates learning at the end and is used for final judgments such as grading.

• The statement "It focuses on measuring the learning outcomes quantitatively." overemphasizes measurement; formative assessment prioritizes diagnostic feedback and improvement and can use both qualitative and quantitative evidence.

• The statement "It is used only for ranking students based on performance." is incorrect because formative assessment is designed to support growth and guide instruction rather than to rank learners.

Therefore, the correct statement is: It provides ongoing feedback to improve teaching and learning.