In the OSI model, which layer is responsible for routing and forwarding data…

In the OSI model, the Network Layer (Layer 3) is responsible for routing and forwarding data packets. It determines the best path for data transmission across networks and handles logical addressing (e.g., IP addresses). The Data Link Layer (Layer 2) manages node-to-node communication and error detection but does not handle routing across networks. The Transport Layer (Layer 4) ensures reliable end-to-end data transfer and flow control but does not perform routing. The Physical Layer (Layer 1) transmits raw bit streams over a physical medium and does not interpret data or manage routing. Since the Network Layer is not listed among the options, the correct choice is 'None of the above'.