Which of the following is used to alarm about the collision detection in a…

In the CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection) protocol, a collision occurs when two or more devices transmit data simultaneously on the same network segment. Upon detecting this collision, a station must immediately alert all other stations to stop transmitting and avoid wasting bandwidth on corrupted data. This is accomplished by sending a Jamming Signal, which consists of a specific sequence of bits that ensures all nodes on the network recognize the collision event effectively. Consequently, Option B is correct because the Jamming Signal serves as the explicit alarm mechanism in CSMA/CD. In contrast, a Backoff value (Option A) is calculated after the alarm to determine when to retry transmission, not to signal the collision itself. Similarly, a Frame (Option C) is the data unit being transmitted, and Interframe space (Option D) refers to the waiting period between frames. Therefore, only the Jamming Signal functions as the collision alarm in this context.