Consider the following snapshot of an MS-Excel worksheet: A B C D 17 Day…

Concept: SUMIFS(sum_range, criteria_range1, criteria1, criteria_range2, criteria2, ...) adds only those cells of the sum range whose matching cells satisfy every criteria pair at the same time, so several conditions are combined with a logical AND and never with an OR. Each criteria range must be the same size as the sum range and is compared position by position. A criterion written as text with a comparison operator, such as ">3", is a strict comparison, so a value exactly equal to 3 does not qualify.

Application: in this formula the sum range is C18:C23, the Sales Amount column; the first pair tests the Quantity cells B18:B23 against ">3", and the second pair tests those same Sales Amount cells against ">500". Testing the six data rows one at a time:

1. Both conditions must hold in the same row, so the row carrying quantity 1 with sales 234 fails both tests, and the two rows carrying quantity 3 (sales 144 and 233) fail the quantity test, because 3 is not greater than 3.

2. The row carrying quantity 6 clears the quantity test, but its sales figure 367 is not greater than 500, so that row is left out of the sum.

3. Only the row carrying quantity 5 with sales 674 and the row carrying quantity 8 with sales 1099 clear both tests at once.

4. Adding those two sales amounts gives 674 + 1099 = 1773, so cell D18 displays 1773.

Cross-check: each of the other candidate totals corresponds to a different reading of the sheet, so working them out separately confirms the total above.

• Ignoring the sales condition and adding every row whose quantity exceeds 3 gives 367 + 674 + 1099 = 2140.

• Adding the sales amounts of only the two rows carrying the largest quantities, 6 and 8, gives 367 + 1099 = 1466.

• Adding the Quantity column instead of the Sales Amount column gives 1 + 3 + 6 + 5 + 8 + 3 = 26.

• Re-adding only the amounts that pass both tests confirms 674 + 1099 = 1773.