Doping test in players is done —
2016
Doping test in players is done —
Answer: C. by Blood & Urine — Concept: Doping control is the procedure under which a biological sample is collected from an athlete and analysed for substances and methods on the World…
- A.
by Blood
- B.
by Urine
- C.
by Blood & Urine
- D.
None of the above
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: C
Concept: Doping control is the procedure under which a biological sample is collected from an athlete and analysed for substances and methods on the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) Prohibited List. Under the WADA International Standard for Testing and Investigations, the samples collected from an athlete are body fluids, and the standard recognises two such fluids — urine and blood — because no single fluid can reveal every class of prohibited substance.
Application: The two recognised fluids carry different kinds of evidence:
Sample fluid | What it is analysed for |
|---|---|
Urine | Anabolic steroids, stimulants, narcotics, diuretics and masking agents, identified from the metabolites excreted in urine; this is the routine, high-volume matrix. |
Blood | Human growth hormone (hGH), homologous blood transfusion, and the haematological module of the Athlete Biological Passport (haemoglobin, reticulocyte percentage, OFF-score), none of which can be established from urine. |
A single sample collection session may take urine only, blood only, or both, according to the test distribution plan drawn up for that sport and event. Taken as a whole, however, the body fluids on which doping testing of players rests are urine and blood, so the complete answer names both.
Cross-check: Testing the choices by value:
“by Blood” names only one of the two recognised fluids and leaves out urine, in which anabolic steroids, stimulants and diuretics are screened.
“by Urine” names only one of the two recognised fluids and leaves out blood, on which the hGH test, transfusion detection and the Athlete Biological Passport markers depend.
“None of the above” cannot hold, because doping control is defined precisely in terms of these body-fluid samples.
Result: doping testing of players is done by blood and urine.