The behavioural learning theory is associated with :

Correct association: Stimulus–response (S-R). Behaviourism focuses on observable behaviour and explains learning as the formation of stimulus–response (S-R) connections. Key idea: Behaviour is shaped by stimuli and by consequences (reinforcement or punishment).

Examples: Pavlov's classical conditioning (associating a neutral stimulus with a response) and Skinner's operant conditioning (behaviour strengthened or weakened by consequences).

Founders: Pavlov, Watson, Thorndike, Skinner.

Why not 'Environment' alone: Behaviourists do emphasise the external environment and consequences in shaping behaviour, so 'Environment' is related. However, the defining mechanism named by the theory is the stimulus–response relationship, so 'Stimulus–response' is the most precise choice.