In Kohlberg's theory of moral development, which level is characterized by a…
2026
In Kohlberg's theory of moral development, which level is characterized by a child's focus on obeying rules to avoid punishment?
Answer: D. Pre-conventional stage — ConceptKohlberg classifies moral reasoning by the basis used to judge an action, not merely by the action itself. Pre-conventional reasoning centers on direct…
- A.
Autonomous stage
- B.
Post-conventional stage
- C.
Conventional stage
- D.
Pre-conventional stage
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Correct answer: D
Concept
Kohlberg classifies moral reasoning by the basis used to judge an action, not merely by the action itself.
Pre-conventional reasoning centers on direct personal consequences; conventional reasoning centers on social expectations and order; post-conventional reasoning centers on ethical principles.
Application
The child in the question obeys rules primarily to avoid punishment. That motive is based on an immediate personal consequence, so it belongs to the pre-conventional level, specifically the punishment-and-obedience orientation.
Contrast
Autonomous stage: Piaget used this idea for morality based on cooperation, mutual respect, and attention to intentions.
Post-conventional stage: reasoning at this level tests rules against rights and self-chosen ethical principles.
Conventional stage: reasoning at this level values approval, duty, law, and maintenance of social order.
Pre-conventional stage: reasoning at this level is organized around direct consequences such as punishment and reward.
Result
Therefore, the described level is the pre-conventional stage.