"Heinz's Dilemma" is related to which of the following theories?

Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development holds that individuals progress through invariant stages of moral reasoning — preconventional, conventional, and postconventional — which Kohlberg identified by presenting subjects with hypothetical moral dilemmas and analysing the reasoning behind their answers, not merely the choice itself.

Heinz's Dilemma — where a man must decide whether to steal an unaffordable drug to save his dying wife — is the best-known such dilemma Kohlberg used in his research. A respondent's justification for stealing or not stealing is scored against his stages to place them at a specific level of moral reasoning.

Contrast with the other theories offered:

• Freud's psychosexual theory explains personality formation through stages (oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital) driven by libido and unconscious conflict — it does not use dilemma-based reasoning tasks.

• Chomsky's theory of language development proposes an innate Language Acquisition Device and universal grammar underlying how children acquire language, unrelated to moral judgment.

• Vygotsky's theory of socio-cultural development emphasises social interaction, culture, and the Zone of Proximal Development in cognitive growth, not dilemma-based moral reasoning.

Because the dilemma format and stage-based scoring of responses are unique to Kohlberg's method, Heinz's Dilemma is correctly linked to Kohlberg's theory of moral development.