The characteristics of modern programming are : A. Each module should do only…

Correct answer: A, B & D only

• Each module should do only one thing: this is true. The single-responsibility principle makes modules easier to understand, test, and maintain.

• Communication between modules is allowed only by a calling module: interpreted as: modules should interact via well-defined interfaces or calls rather than arbitrary direct accesses. This controlled interaction preserves encapsulation and reduces coupling.

• Communication can take place directly between modules that do not have calling - called relationship: false. Allowing unrestricted direct communication between unrelated modules breaks encapsulation and increases coupling, which modern modular design seeks to avoid.

• All modules are designed as single-entry, single exit systems using control structure: true. Structured programming promotes single-entry/single-exit for clearer control flow and easier reasoning about program behavior.

Summary: The characteristics that support modularity, encapsulation, and structured control are correct (each module has one responsibility; communication via calling interfaces; single-entry/single-exit). The statement allowing direct communication without a calling relationship contradicts these principles and is not a characteristic of modern programming.