Under the Kyoto Protocol, developed countries and economies in transition were…
2024
Under the Kyoto Protocol, developed countries and economies in transition were assigned quantified emission targets for the first commitment period (2008–2012), averaging about 5% below 1990 levels. Which of the following listed countries were included in that commitment group? A. United States B. India C. Russia D. Canada E. China
Answer: A. A, C and D only — ConceptUnder the Kyoto Protocol, Annex B lists Annex I parties with quantified emission-limitation or reduction commitments for the first commitment period…
- A.
A, C and D only
- B.
C, D and E only
- C.
B, C and E only
- D.
B and E only
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: A
Concept
Under the Kyoto Protocol, Annex B lists Annex I parties with quantified emission-limitation or reduction commitments for the first commitment period (2008–2012). The collective target averaged at least 5% below 1990 levels, while individual country targets differed.
Non-Annex I developing countries did not receive those quantified first-period caps. Listing a country in Annex B is distinct from whether that country later ratified the Protocol or withdrew from it.
Application
The United States, Russia, and Canada were listed in Annex B. India and China were non-Annex I parties and were not assigned Annex B quantified caps for that period.
Contrast
United States: Annex B recorded a target of 93% of its 1990 baseline; it signed but did not ratify the Protocol.
India: a non-Annex I party without a quantified Annex B target for the first commitment period.
Russia: Annex B recorded a target of 100% of its 1990 baseline.
Canada: Annex B recorded a target of 94% of its 1990 baseline; it later withdrew from the Protocol.
China: a non-Annex I party without a quantified Annex B target for the first commitment period.
Cross-check
Reading the Annex B table separates the three listed Annex B countries from India and China. Therefore the accepted group is the United States, Russia, and Canada.