From the following list, identify the Greenhouse Gases adopted in the Kyoto…

2020

From the following list, identify the Greenhouse Gases adopted in the Kyoto Protocol

i) Carbon dioxide

ii) Methane

iii) Nitrous oxide

iv) Hydrofluorocarbons

v) Perfluorocarbons

vi) Sulphur hexafluoride

Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

  1. A.

    i), ii), iv) and v) only

  2. B.

    i), iv), v) and vi) only

  3. C.

    ii), iv), v) and vi) only

  4. D.

    i), ii), iii), iv), v) and vi)

Attempted by 2 students.

Show answer & explanation

Correct answer: D

The Kyoto Protocol (1997), adopted under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), binds developed (Annex I) countries to cut emissions of a specific basket of greenhouse gases named together in the treaty's Annex A — a question about gases “adopted” under the Protocol is asking about this fixed basket, not the general set of all known greenhouse gases.

Checking the six substances listed in the question against Annex A:

  • Carbon dioxide (CO2)

  • Methane (CH4)

  • Nitrous oxide (N2O)

  • Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)

  • Perfluorocarbons (PFCs)

  • Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6)

Every one of the six substances named in the question — items i) through vi) — appears in this original Annex A basket, so none of them can be excluded from the answer.

As a cross-check: the basket was widened to seven gases only when nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) was added by the 2012 Doha Amendment for the treaty's second commitment period. Since NF3 is not among the substances listed here, the original six-gas Annex A basket already accounts for every item in the question — confirming that the full set, i) to vi), is what was adopted under the Protocol.

So the option listing i), ii), iii), iv), v) and vi) together is correct.

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