Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other…
2022
Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R).
Assertion (A): In vitro testing forms the basis for hazard identification.
Reason (R): In vitro studies are performed within the same intact living organism.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer: C. (A) is true but (R) is false — ConceptHazard identification asks whether an agent or test condition can cause an adverse biological effect. In vitro methods examine isolated cells, tissues,…
- A.
Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
- B.
Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A)
- C.
(A) is true but (R) is false
- D.
(A) is false but (R) is true
Attempted by 1 students.
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: C
Concept
Hazard identification asks whether an agent or test condition can cause an adverse biological effect. In vitro methods examine isolated cells, tissues, or biochemical systems and can supply mechanistic evidence for this first step of risk assessment.
The Latin term in vitro literally means “in glass”; operationally, it refers to work performed outside an intact living organism. Work carried out within the same intact biological entity is described as in vivo, so the two terms must not be interchanged.
Application
Assess the Assertion: cell- and tissue-based in vitro assays can reveal toxic effects and mechanisms, so they contribute evidence used for hazard identification. The Assertion is true.
Assess the Reason: it places in vitro work within the same intact biological entity. That description belongs to in vivo work, so the Reason is false.
Combine the truth values: the required pattern is Assertion true and Reason false.
Cross-check and contrast
A true/true combination would require the Reason to be factually true, which conflicts with the meaning of in vitro.
A true/true but non-explanatory combination still requires the Reason to be true, so it has the same definitional conflict.
A true/false combination preserves both the role of in vitro evidence in hazard identification and the distinction between in vitro and in vivo.
A false/true combination reverses both evaluations: it denies a recognized use of in vitro evidence and assigns an in vivo description to in vitro work.
Therefore, Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.