The initial efforts for internet based communication were for

Concept. For a previous-year multiple-choice question, distinguish the examination’s accepted classification from the narrower historical purpose documented for a project. The best answer among the offered values should follow the official key, while the explanation must state any important historical qualification.

Application. The Internet traces back to ARPANET, a network commissioned and financed by ARPA, which was a research agency of the United States Department of Defense. In the broad institutional classification used by this UGC NET item, that defence-agency origin places the initial effort under military purposes.

Historical qualification. ARPANET’s documented technical objective was to let defence-funded research sites share computing resources. This does not mean that its original operational purpose was battlefield command, and the familiar claim that it was built specifically to survive nuclear war is disputed.

Contrast with the other values.

• Commercial communication became prominent with commercial Internet service and the opening of research backbones to business traffic.

• Personal interaction grew through applications such as network email after ARPANET was operating.

• Political campaigning belongs to the public Web and mass-email era.

Cross-check. The official UGC NET December 2013 Paper I Set W key assigns question 21 to the value “Military purposes.” That confirms the examination convention without erasing the historical resource-sharing objective.

Result. Under the official key and the categories offered in this item, the accepted answer is military purposes; it denotes the programme’s defence-agency sponsorship, not a claim that ARPANET was created chiefly for battlefield communication.