Given below are two statements: Statement I: The form of inductive argument is…
2023
Given below are two statements:
Statement I: The form of inductive argument is evaluated in degrees of likelihood or probability.
Statement II: A strong inductive argument that has all true premises is called a ‘cogent’ argument.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
Answer: A. Both Statement I and Statement II are correct — ConceptA deductive argument is evaluated as valid or invalid because validity is all-or-nothing. An inductive argument is evaluated as stronger or weaker…
- A.
Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
- B.
Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect
- C.
Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect
- D.
Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: A
Concept
A deductive argument is evaluated as valid or invalid because validity is all-or-nothing. An inductive argument is evaluated as stronger or weaker because its premises support the conclusion with a degree of probability rather than necessity.
A cogent inductive argument has two features together: it is strong, and all its premises are true.
Application
Statement I describes the degree-based assessment of inductive strength, so it agrees with the governing distinction between inductive and deductive evaluation.
Statement II gives the standard condition for cogency: a strong inductive argument with true premises. It also agrees with the definition.
Contrast
“Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect” rejects both standard features.
“Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect” accepts graded inductive strength but rejects the true-premise condition for cogency.
“Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct” rejects graded inductive strength while retaining the cogency condition.
Therefore, both Statement I and Statement II are correct.