Given below are two statements: Statement I: In deductive arguments, the claim…
2023
Given below are two statements:
Statement I: In deductive arguments, the claim is made that conclusions follow with certainty from their premises.
Statement II: Any inductive argument, if it is good, brings to light in its conclusion what was already buried in its premises.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
Answer: C. Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect — CONCEPTA deductive argument claims necessity: if its premises are true and the inference is valid, the conclusion cannot be false. An inductive argument is…
- A.
Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
- B.
Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect
- C.
Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect
- D.
Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: C
CONCEPT
A deductive argument claims necessity: if its premises are true and the inference is valid, the conclusion cannot be false.
An inductive argument is ampliative: even when strong, its conclusion goes beyond what the premises strictly entail and is supported with probability rather than certainty.
APPLICATION
Statement I describes the defining claim of deductive validity, so it is correct.
Statement II describes an explicative inference in which the conclusion only makes explicit what is already implicit in the premises; that is characteristic of deduction, not good induction. Good induction adds a probable conclusion that is not already contained in the premises, so Statement II is incorrect.
CONTRAST
Both-correct treats induction as merely explicative.
Both-incorrect overlooks the necessity claim made by deduction.
The combination that reverses the two assessments assigns the defining properties to the wrong forms of inference.
RESULT
Therefore, Statement I is correct and Statement II is incorrect.