According to Nyāya (Classical school of logic) which of the following step of…
2024
According to Nyāya (Classical school of logic) which of the following step of inference corresponds to Upanaya ?
- A.
The hill has fire
- B.
Because it has smoke
- C.
What ever has smoke has fire, e.g. an oven
- D.
The hill has smoke which is invariably associated with fire
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Correct answer: D
In Nyāya logic, inference (Anumana) consists of five steps: Pratijna (proposition), Hetu (reason), Udaharana (universal example), Upanaya (application of the rule to the subject), and Nigamana (conclusion). Upanaya specifically applies the universal relation established in Udaharana to the current subject. For example, stating that 'The hill has smoke which is invariably associated with fire' corresponds to Upanaya. Option 3 correctly identifies this step.