In the light of ‘Causation’, which of the following is incorrect? A. Qualities…
2023
In the light of ‘Causation’, which of the following is incorrect?
A. Qualities of a cause are accidental antecedents.
B. The cause of the cause is not the cause.
C. The co-effects of a cause are themselves causally related.
D. Eternal substances like space are not unconditional antecedents.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below.
Answer: C. C only — CONCEPTIn Nyaya, a cause is an unconditional and invariable antecedent of an effect. Mere sequence or constant presence is insufficient: accidental qualities,…
- A.
A & D only
- B.
B & C only
- C.
C only
- D.
B & D only
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Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: C
CONCEPT
In Nyaya, a cause is an unconditional and invariable antecedent of an effect. Mere sequence or constant presence is insufficient: accidental qualities, remote causes, co-effects, and eternal background substances are excluded when they lack the required direct and unconditional relation.
APPLICATION
Statement A treats the qualities of a cause as accidental antecedents. This follows the Nyaya exclusion: the colour of an instrument, for example, does not produce the effect made with that instrument.
Statement B treats the cause of a cause as a remote cause rather than the direct unconditional cause of the final effect. This also follows the Nyaya account.
Statement C says that co-effects of one cause are causally related to each other. Sharing a cause does not make one co-effect the cause of the other, so this statement reverses the Nyaya distinction.
Statement D excludes eternal space from the class of unconditional antecedents. Space is ever-present and is not an effect-specific, necessary antecedent, so this follows the Nyaya account.
CONTRAST
A & D only groups two recognised exclusions: accidental qualities and an eternal background substance.
B & C only combines the remote-cause rule with the distinct co-effects claim.
C only isolates the claim that co-effects are causally related to one another.
B & D only groups the remote-cause rule with the eternal-substance exclusion.
Therefore, the incorrect statement is C, and the answer is C only.