‘Switzerland is 48 percent Protestant. Heidi Gilsing is Swiss. Therefore,…
2023
‘Switzerland is 48 percent Protestant. Heidi Gilsing is Swiss. Therefore, Heidi Gilsing is 48 percent Protestant.’ According to the official UGC NET final answer key, which offered fallacy label is accepted for this argument?
Answer: B. Fallacy of composition — ConceptCollective-distribution fallacies arise when a property stated at the level of a whole or class is transferred to a part or member, or vice versa,…
- A.
Hasty Generalisation
- B.
Fallacy of composition
- C.
Ad Hominem
- D.
Begging the question
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: B
Concept
Collective-distribution fallacies arise when a property stated at the level of a whole or class is transferred to a part or member, or vice versa, without justification.
Composition normally moves from parts to a whole, whereas division moves from a whole to its parts.
Application
The first premise states a population-level proportion: 48 percent of Switzerland is Protestant.
The second premise identifies Heidi Gilsing as one member of the Swiss population.
The conclusion turns that collective proportion into a percentage property of one person, although a person cannot be 48 percent Protestant.
For this UGC NET item, the official NTA final answer key records Fallacy of composition as the accepted offered value.
Cross-check / Contrast
Hasty generalisation extends an inadequate sample to a broad population claim; that direction is not used here.
Ad hominem attacks a person instead of addressing a claim; no such attack appears.
Begging the question assumes the conclusion in its premises; these premises do not repeat the conclusion.
In standard logic terminology, whole-to-member transfer is usually called division. Division is absent from the offered set, while the official examination key selects Fallacy of composition.
Result
The official-key answer for this previous-year question is Fallacy of composition.