Making way for technologies of automation is ________ transformation of modern…

CONCEPT

Media and communication theory names each phase of modern society after the technology that drives it. Cyber-nation (also written "cybernation") is the term built from cybernetics plus automation: it denotes the phase in which computer control is fused with self-regulating machinery, so that processes run on without step-by-step human direction.

The defining mark of this phase is not the mere presence of machines but the transfer of control to the computer. A society that clears the way for technologies of automation is therefore passing through the cyber-nation transformation.

APPLICATION

The stem’s subject is "making way for technologies of automation" — the society-wide adoption of computer-directed automatic systems. Placing each candidate word in the blank, the word that names this transformation of modern society is Cyber-nation: "Making way for technologies of automation is cyber-nation transformation of modern society."

CROSS-CHECK

Testing the remaining values against the same definition:

• Mechanical — the machine-and-engine phase, in which power-driven devices replace muscle power while a human operator still directs each step; it names the stage that automation succeeds, not automation itself.

• Political — change located in the distribution of authority: government, parties, law-making, citizenship. It carries no reference to a technology of production.

• Artificial — a general adjective for the human-made, as in "artificial fibre" or "artificial intelligence". It qualifies a thing; on its own it names no phase of social change.

Source check: UGC NET Paper 1 (June 2024 cycle), examination held 3 September 2024, Shift 1, Question Id 3421238902 with option shuffling disabled. NTA’s Final Answer Key on which the result was compiled records Cyber-nation as the correct response. The phrasing follows David Holmes, Communication Theory: Media, Technology and Society (SAGE), where mechanical media making way for technologies of automation is described as the cyber-nation transformation of modern society.