Read the passage and answer the question given below: To deal with issues of…

2023

Read the passage and answer the question given below:

To deal with issues of democracy and authoritarian rule, we have to pay particular attention both to the context of what can be called development and to the interpretation of democracy, in particular to the respective roles of voting and public reasoning. The assessment of development cannot be divorced from the lives that people can lead and the real freedom that they enjoy. Development can scarcely be seen merely in terms of enhancement of inanimate objects of convenience, such as a rise in GNP or in personal incomes, or industrialization—important as they may be as means to the real ends. Their value must depend upon what they do to the lives and freedom of the people involved, which must be central to the idea of development. If development is understood in a broader way with a focus on human lives, then it becomes immediately clear that the relation between development and democracy has to be seen partly in terms of their constitutive connection, rather than only through their external links. Even though the question has often been asked whether political freedom is 'conducive to development', we must not miss the crucial recognition that political liberties and democratic rights are among the constituent components of development. Their relevance for development does not have to be established indirectly through their contribution to the growth of GNP. However, after acknowledging this central connection, we also have to subject democracy to consequential analysis, since attention must also be paid to freedoms other than political liberties and civil rights. We must be concerned, for example, with economic poverty.

The relation between democracy and development can be seen through their _______.

Answer: B. Constitutive connectionConceptIn reading comprehension, a relationship term should be selected by matching its definition with the author’s explicit contrast. A constitutive…

  1. A.

    External links

  2. B.

    Constitutive connection

  3. C.

    Indirect relation

  4. D.

    Abstract assessment

Show answer & explanation

Correct answer: B

Concept

In reading comprehension, a relationship term should be selected by matching its definition with the author’s explicit contrast.

A constitutive connection makes one element part of what another element means; an external or indirect link treats it only as an influence or a means.

Application

The passage says that political liberties and democratic rights are constituent components of development. It also contrasts this internal relationship with links that merely contribute to economic growth from outside.

Contrast

  • External links: factors affect development from outside its definition.

  • Constitutive connection: democratic freedoms form part of the meaning of development itself.

  • Indirect relation: one factor affects another through an intermediate result.

  • Abstract assessment: a general theoretical appraisal that does not specify the internal relationship stated in the passage.

Result

Therefore, the relation described in the passage is a constitutive connection.

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