Which of the following levels of teaching involves the highest-order thinking…
2023
Which of the following levels of teaching involves the highest-order thinking skills?
Answer: C. Reflective level — ConceptLevels of teaching are distinguished by cognitive complexity and learner autonomy. Memory-level teaching emphasizes recall, understanding-level…
- A.
Memory level
- B.
Understanding level
- C.
Reflective level
- D.
All levels involve similar thinking skills
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: C
Concept
Levels of teaching are distinguished by cognitive complexity and learner autonomy. Memory-level teaching emphasizes recall, understanding-level teaching emphasizes meaning and relationships, and reflective-level teaching emphasizes critical inquiry, problem solving, and independent judgment.
Application
The requested skills are analysis, evaluation, synthesis, hypothesis testing, and independent problem solving. These processes characterize reflective-level teaching.
Contrast
Memory level: recall and reproduction of learned facts dominate.
Understanding level: learners interpret meanings and relationships but remain below sustained critical inquiry.
Reflective level: learners investigate problems, test ideas, and form independent judgments.
All levels similar: this overlooks the progression in cognitive demand from recall through comprehension to inquiry.
Cross-check and result
Across the standard hierarchy, cognitive demand and learner autonomy increase from memory to understanding to reflection. Therefore, the reflective level involves the highest-order thinking skills.