Which learning theory provides support for active participation of learner in…

The question describes a learning theory built on three features: the learner's active participation, an interactional (social) setting, and intrinsic motivation as the basis. These are the defining marks of Vygotsky's constructivist socio-cultural theory. In it, knowledge is actively constructed by the learner through social interaction; the teacher and more-capable peers provide scaffolding within the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD), and learning is driven by the learner's own engagement rather than external rewards. Watson's S-R theory and Skinner's reinforcement theory are behaviourist: the learner is passive and motivation is extrinsic (stimulus-response bonds or rewards/punishments). Kohler's insight theory is a Gestalt account centred on the sudden, individual perception of relationships, not on social interaction or intrinsic motivation. Hence the constructivist theory of Vygotsky is the correct choice.