A + B means 'A is father of B' A - B means 'A is daughter of B' A × B means 'A…

In coded blood-relation puzzles, each symbol represents one fixed family relation. To relate two people who are connected through several symbols, decode every adjacent pair from left to right into an actual relation, use those individual relations to build one shared family tree, and then read the relation between the two people directly off that tree.

1. P − V: P is daughter of V, so V is a parent of P.

2. V + L: V is father of L, so L is a child of V.

3. L × N: L is brother of N, so N is also a child of V, and a sibling of L.

4. N − V: N is daughter of V, confirming N is a female child of V.

5. V is now fixed as the common father of P, L and N; both P (from step 1) and N (from step 4) are daughters of V.

Cross-check: N's position is fixed twice independently — once through L × N (N is a child of V because L is) and once directly through N − V (N is V's daughter) — and both agree, so the family tree has no contradiction. P's own link to V (step 1) already places her as V's daughter in the same generation as N.

Since P and N are both daughters of the same father, V, P is the sister of N.