Famous scientists Stephen Hawking was suffering from:

English: Stephen Hawking suffered from Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), also called Motor Neuron Disease. It is a progressive neurodegenerative condition that weakens motor neurons, causing gradual muscle weakness and difficulties with movement, speech, and swallowing. Key point: ALS leads to degeneration of motor neurons, which control voluntary muscles.

ALS affects movement and speech over time; it is not a blood disorder or primarily an autoimmune demyelinating disease.

Not to be confused with Parkinson's disease, sickle cell disease, or multiple sclerosis.