The activities of speaking and performing experiments are kinds of ______.

Correct answer: procedural knowledge.

Explanation: Both speaking and performing experiments are activities that involve skills and procedures — they are examples of knowing how to do something, which is procedural knowledge.

• Procedural knowledge: Knowledge of processes, techniques, and skills required to perform tasks.

• Speaking: Involves practiced techniques (pronunciation, pacing, organizing ideas) — an example of knowing how to perform a skill.

• Performing experiments: Involves following methods and procedures to carry out investigations — also an example of knowing how.

• Contrast with other types of knowledge: factual knowledge is about facts (knowing that), research skills are specific investigation methods (only one of the activities fits this fully), and higher-order thinking refers to complex cognitive processes rather than the practical procedural aspect common to both activities.

Therefore, procedural knowledge best describes the activities of speaking and performing experiments.